1887

Abstract

Natural abundance C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified the disaccharide trehalose as the major organic osmolyte synthesized by grown in continuous culture under nitrogen limitation in the presence of 0·5 -NaCl. Trehalose accumulation was dependent on both the growth phase of the culture and the osmolality of the growth medium, but independent of the solute used to increase the osmolality as long as the solute was non-penetrant. The penetrant solute glycerol did not induce trehalose synthesis indicating that the loss of cell turgor rather than increasing medium osmolality was the mechanism stimulating trehalose synthesis. Under conditions of either carbon or nitrogen limitation osmoadaptation was distinctly biphasic. The initial response consisted of a rapid (within 30 min) accumulation of K and a concurrent synthesis of the amino acid glutamate; trehalose synthesis occurred during the second slower phase of osmoadaption. Chloramphenicol severely inhibited trehalose accumulation indicating that the enzyme(s) involved in trehalose synthesis were inducible.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-4-745
1991-04-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/137/4/mic-137-4-745.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-4-745&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Alemohammad M. M., Knowles C. J. 1974; Osmotically induced volume and turbidity changes of Escherichia coli due to salts, sucrose and glycerol, with particular reference to the rapid permeation of glycerol into the cell. Journal of General Microbiology 82:125–142
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker K. 1968; Low cost continuous culture apparatus. Laboratory Practice 17:817–821
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Booth I. R., Higgins C. F. 1990; Enteric bacteria and osmotic stress: intracellular potassium glutamate as a secondary signal of osmotic stress. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 75:239–246
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bradford M. M. 1976; A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72:248–254
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Castle A. M., MacNab R. M., Shulman R. G. 1986; Coupling between the sodium and proton gradients in respiring Escherichia coli cells measured by 23Na and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261:7797–7806
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chambers S. T., Kunin C. M., Miller D., Hamada A. 1987; Dimethylthetin can substitute for glycine betaine as an osmo-protectant molecule for Escherichia coli . Journal of Bacteriology 169:4845–4847
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Csonka L. N. 1989; Physiological and genetic responses of bacteria to osmotic stress. Microbiological Reviews 53:121–147
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dinnibier U., Limpinsel E., Schmid R., Bakker E. P. 1988; Transient accumulation of potassium glutamate and its replacement by trehalose during adaptation of growing cells of Escherichia coli K-12 to elevated sodium chloride concentrations. Archives of Microbiology 150:348–357
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Epstein W. 1986; Osmoregulation by potassium transport in Escherichia coli . FEMS Microbiology Reviews 39:73–78
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Epstein W., Schultz S. G. 1965; Cation transport in Escherichia coli V. Regulation of cation content. Journal of General Physiology 49:221–234
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Evans C. G. T., Herbert D., Tempest D. W. 1970; 1. The continuous culture of microorganisms. 2. Construction of a chemo-stat. Methods in Microbiology 2:277–327
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Gowrishanker J. 1985; Identification of osmoresponsive genes in Escherichia coli evidence for participation of potassium and proline transport systems in osmoregulation. Journal of Bacteriology 164:434–445
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Higgins C. F., Cairney J., Stirling D. A., Sutherland L., Booth I. R. 1987; Osmotic regulation of gene expression ionic strength as an intracellular signal?. Trends in Biochemical Science 12:339–344
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Laimins L. A., Rhoads D. B., Epstein W. 1981; Osmotic control of kdp operon expression in Escherichia coli . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America 78464–468
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Landfald B., Strøm A. R. 1986; Choline glycine betaine pathway confers a high level of osmotic tolerance in Escherichia coli . Journal of Bacteriology 165:849–855
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Larsen P. I., Sydnes L. K., Landfald B., Strøm A. R. 1987; Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli by accumulation of organic osmolytes: betaines, glutamic acid and trehalose. Archives of Microbiology 147:1–7
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Larsson C, Morales C, Gustafsson L., Adler L. 1990; Osmoregulation of the salt-tolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii grown in a chemostat at different salinities. Journal of Bacteriology 172:1769–1774
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Le Rudulier D., Strøm A. R., Dandekar A. M., Smith L. T., Valentine R. C. 1984; Molecular biology of osmoregulation. Science 224:1064–1068
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Measures J. C. 1975; Role of amino acids in osmoregulation of non-halophilic bacteria. Nature; London: 257398–400
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Meikle A. J., Reed R. H., Gadd G. M. 1989; Osmotic adjustment and the accumulation of organic solutes in whole cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Journal of General Microbiology 134:3049–3060
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Munro G. F., Hercules K., Morgan J., Sauerbier R. G. 1972; Dependence of putrescine content of Escherichia coli on the osmotic strength of the medium. Journal of Biological Chemistry 247:1272–1280
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Perroud B., Le Rudulier D. 1985; Glycine betaine transport in Escherichia coli osmotic modulation. Journal of Bacteriology 161:393–401
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Richey B., Cayley D. S., Mossing M. C., Kolka C., Anderson C. F., Farrar T. C., Record M. T. Jr 1987; Variability in the intracellular ionic environment of Escherichia coli differences between in vitro and in vivo effects of ion concentration on protein-DNA interactions and gene expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 262:7157–7164
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Strøm A. R., Falkenberg P., Landfald B. 1986; Genetics of osmoregulation in Escherichia coli uptake and biosynthesis of organic osmolytes. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 39:79–86
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Styrvold D. B., Falkenberg P., Landfald B., Eshoo M. W., Bjornsen T., Strøm A. R. 1986; Selection, mapping, and characterization of osmoregulatory mutants of Escherichia coli blocked in the choline-glycine betaine pathway. Journal of Bacteriology 165:856–863
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Sutherland L., Cairney J., Elmore M. J., Booth I. R., Higgins C. F. 1986; Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport system is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium. Journal of Bacteriology 168:805–814
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Van Alphen W., Lugtenberg B. 1977; Influence of osmolarity of the growth medium on the outer membrane protein pattern of Escherichia coli . Journal of Bacteriology 131:623–630
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Whatmore A. M. 1989; Osmotic responses of Bacillus subtilis. MSc thesis University of Dundee; UK:
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-4-745
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-137-4-745
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error