1887

Abstract

Summary: Ten species of fungi were isolated from floating leaves cut from plants of in various initial stages of decay, which were collected from an acidic moorland pool. None of the fungal species isolated belonged to the aquatic Hyphomycetes Ingold or the aero-aquatic fungi Van Beverwijk. Growth experiments were conducted with five of the species on media containing glucose, polysaccharide or isolated cell walls of , each at three pH values. The fungi investigated were capable of growth on a variety of structural polysaccharides, indicating their potential importance in leaf degradation. Low pH inhibited growth on media containing glucose, pectin or cell wall fraction. Utilization of carboxymethylcellulose and crystalline cellulose did not differ much within the pH range studied. The fungi isolated were grown on leaf strips at three pH values to study the influence of pH on leaf maceration. All the fungi investigated could develop at low pH (4·0), but maceration was only observed at pH 5·5 or 7·5. It is likely that inhibition of pectin degradation is an important factor causing suppression of leaf fragmentation at low pH. This may contribute to the inhibition of the decomposition of macrophyte remains in acid aquatic systems.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-1-103
1992-01-01
2024-04-18
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/138/1/mic-138-1-103.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-1-103&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. BENNER R., MORAN M.A., HODSON R. E. 1986; Biochemical cycling of lignocellulose carbon in marine and freshwater ecosystems: relative contribution of procaryotes and eucaryotes. Limnology and Oceanography 31:89–100
    [Google Scholar]
  2. BROCK TH.C.M. 1984; Aspects of the decomposition of Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O.Kuntze (Menyanthaceae).. Aquatic Botany 19:131–156
    [Google Scholar]
  3. BROCK TH. C. M., BOON J. J., PAFFEN B. G. P. 1985; The effects of the season and of water chemistry on the decomposition of Nymphaea alba L.; weight loss and pyrolysis mass spectrometry of the particulate matter. Aquatic Botany 22:197–229
    [Google Scholar]
  4. CHAMIER A. C. 1985; Cell wall degrading enzymes of aquatic Hyphomycetes: a review. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 91:67–81
    [Google Scholar]
  5. CHAMIER A. C. 1987; Effect of pH on microbial degradation of leaf litter in seven streams of the English Lake District. Oecologia 71:491–500
    [Google Scholar]
  6. CHAMIER A. C., DIXON R. A. 1982a; Pectinases in leaf degradation by aquatic Hyphomycetes. I. The field study. The colonization pattern of aquatic Hyphomycetes of leaf packs in a Surrey stream. Oecologia 52:109–115
    [Google Scholar]
  7. CHAMIER A. C., DIXON R. A. 1982b; Pectinases in leaf degradation by aquatic Hyphomycetes: the enzymes and leaf maceration. Journal of General Microbiology 128:2469–2483
    [Google Scholar]
  8. CHERGUI H., PATTéE E. 1988; The dynamics of Hyphomycetes on decaying leaves in the network of the River Rhone (France). Archiv für Hydrobiologie 114:3–20
    [Google Scholar]
  9. DEAN J. F. D., GAMBLE H. R., ANDERSON J. D. 1989; The ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase: its induction in Trichoderma viride and certain plant pathogens. Phytopathology 79:1071–1078
    [Google Scholar]
  10. DOMSCH K. H., GAMS W., ANDERSON T. H. 1980 Compendium of Soil Fungi, vols I and II London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. FISHER P. J. 1977; New methods of detecting and studying saprophytic behaviour of aero-aquatic fungi from stagnant water. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 68:407–411
    [Google Scholar]
  12. FISHER P. J., WEBSTER J. 1978; Sporulation of aero-aquatic fungi under different gas regimes in light and darkness. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 73:99–102
    [Google Scholar]
  13. FISHER P. J., WEBSTER J. 1979; Effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide on growth of four aero-aquatic Hyphomycetes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 72:57–61
    [Google Scholar]
  14. FRIEND J. 1977 Biochemistry of plant pathogens. Plant Biochemistry II 13141–183 In pp Edited by Northcote D. H. Baltimore, London & Tokyo: Butterworth;
    [Google Scholar]
  15. HARBORNE J. B. 1984 Phytochemical Methods London & New York: Chapman & Hall;
    [Google Scholar]
  16. HARRISON A. F. 1971; The inhibitory effect of oak leaf litter tannins on the growth of fungi, in relation to litter decomposition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 3:167–172
    [Google Scholar]
  17. HARRISON P. G., MANN K. H. 1975; Detritus formation from eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). The relative effects of fragmentation, leaching and decay. Limnology and Oceanography 20:924–934
    [Google Scholar]
  18. HOENIGER J. F. M. 1985; Microbial decomposition of cellulose in acidifying lakes of south central Ontario. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50:315–322
    [Google Scholar]
  19. INGOLD C. T. 1942; Aquatic Hyphomycetes of decaying alder leaves. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 25:339–417
    [Google Scholar]
  20. INGOLD C. T. 1975; An illustrated guide to aquatic and water-borne Hyphomycetes (Fungi Imperfect;). Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publications no. 30
    [Google Scholar]
  21. KAUSHIK N. K., HYNES H. B. N. 1971; The fate of dead leaves that fall into streams. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 68:465–515
    [Google Scholar]
  22. KOK C. J., VAN DE LAAR B.J. 1991; Influence of pH and buffering capacity on the decomposition of Nymphaea alba L. detritus in laboratory experiments: a possible explanation for the inhibition of decomposition at low alkalinity. Verhandlungen der Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 24 in the press
    [Google Scholar]
  23. KOK C. J., VAN DE LAAR B.J. 1991; The influence of selected water quality parameters on the decay rate and exrenzymatic activity of detritus of Nymphaea alba L. floating leaf blades in laboratory experiments.. Oecologia in the press
    [Google Scholar]
  24. KOK C. J., VAN DE LAAR B.J., LANDSBERG K.M. 1990; Production, nutrient dynamics and initial decomposition of floating leaves of Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. (Nymphaea- ceae) in alkaline and acid water.. Biogeochemistry 11:235–251
    [Google Scholar]
  25. LARSEN V. J. 1982; The effect of pre-drying and fragmentation on the leaching of nutrient elements and organic matter from Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. litter. Aquatic Botany 4:29–39
    [Google Scholar]
  26. LEUVEN R. S.E.W., WOLFS W.J. 1988; Effects of water acidification on the decomposition of Juncus bulbosus L. Aqrntic Botany 31:57–81
    [Google Scholar]
  27. LOOMIS W. D. 1974; Overcoming problems of phenolics and quinones in the isolation of plant enzymes and organelles. Methods in Enzymology 31:528–544
    [Google Scholar]
  28. MCCLURE J. W. 1970 Secondary constituents in aquatic angiosperms. Phytochemical Phytogeny233–268 In pp Edited by Harborne J.B. London & New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  29. MACKAY R. J., KERSEY K.W. 1986; A preliminary study of aquatic insect communities and leaf decomposition in acid streams near Dorset, Ontario. Hydrobiologia 122:3–11
    [Google Scholar]
  30. MCKINLEY V. L., VESTAL J. R. 1982; Effects of acid on plant litter decomposition in an arctic lake. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43:1188–1195
    [Google Scholar]
  31. PADGETT D. E., HACKNEY C. T., SIZEMORE R. K. 1985; A technique for distinguishing between bacterial and non-bacterial respiration in decomposing Spartina alterniflora . Hydrobiologia 122:113–119
    [Google Scholar]
  32. RAO S. S., DUTKA B. J. 1983; Influence of acid precipitation on bacterial populations in lakes. Hydrobiologia 98:153–157
    [Google Scholar]
  33. READ S. M., NORTHCOTE D. H. 1981; Minimalization of variation in the response to different proteins of Cromassie Blue G dyebinding assay for protein. Analytical Biochemistry 116:53–64
    [Google Scholar]
  34. REXOVÁ-BENKOVÁ L., MARCOVIC O. 1976 Pectic enzymes. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 33323–385
    [Google Scholar]
  35. RHEINHEIMER G. 1985 Aquatic Microbiology New York: Wiley;
    [Google Scholar]
  36. SAS INSTITUTE 1985 SAS User’s Guide:Basics, Version 5 Edition Cary: SAS Institute;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. SUBERKROPP K., KLUG M. J. 1976; Fungi and bacteria associated with leaves during prrcessing in a Welland stream. Ecology 57:707–719
    [Google Scholar]
  38. TRAAEN T. S. 1980; Effects of acidity on decomposition of organic matter in aquatic environments.. Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation. Proceedings ojthe International Conjerence on Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, March 1980, Sandefiord, Norway340–341 In pp Edited by Drabløs D., Tollan A.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. VAN BEVERWIJK A.L. 1953; Helicosporous Hyphomycetes I. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 36:111–124
    [Google Scholar]
  40. VAN DER AA,H.A. 1978; A leaf spot disease of Nymphaea alba in the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 84:109–115
    [Google Scholar]
  41. VAN DER PLAATS-NIFTERINAK A.J. 1981; Monograph of the genus Pythium . Studies in Mycology no. 21
    [Google Scholar]
  42. WEBSTER J. 1975 Further studies on the sporulation of aquatic Hyphomycetes in relation to aeration. Transactions of the British Mycological Society no 21
    [Google Scholar]
  43. WEBSTER J., DESCALS E. 1981 Morphology, distribution and ecology of conidial fungi in freshwater habitats. The Biology of Conidial Fungi295–355 In pp Edited by Cole C.T, Kendrick W. B. New York & London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  44. WEBSTER J., TOWFIK F. H. 1972; Sponilation of aquatic Hyphomycetes in relation to aeration. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 59:353–364
    [Google Scholar]
  45. YETKA J. E., WIEBe W. J. 1974; Ecological application of antibiotics as respiratory inhibitors of bacterial populations. Applied Microbiology 28:1022–1039
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-1-103
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-1-103
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error