1887

Abstract

A sp. () calcofluor dark (Cal) mutant, named Cal10, was obtained following Tn-insertion mutagenesis. It is affected in the synthesis of exopolysaccharide and presents an altered lipopolysaccharide that is not recognized by a polyclonal antibody against the lipopolysaccharide of the parental strain. The residual exopolysaccharide obtained from the mutant lacks galactose and the high-molecular-mass acidic fraction. This mutant was complemented by plasmid pD56 that restores the production of exopolysaccharide, the alteration of lipopolysaccharide and the Cal phenotype. The data presented indicate that the gene in which the mutant is defective is homologous to the gene of and fails to synthesize UDP-glucose 4′-epimerase. The Cal10 mutant was Fix on (sulla) although it develops an indeterminate type of nodule, indicating that exopolysaccharide is not essential for a successful nodulation in this symbiotic association.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-140-6-1389
1994-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/140/6/mic-140-6-1389.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-140-6-1389&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adhya S. 1987; The galactose operon. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology pp. 1503–1512 Edited by Neidhardt F. C., Ingraham J. L. , Low K., Magasanik B., Schaechter M., Umbarger H. E. . Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arias A., Cervenansky C. 1986; Galactose metabolism in Rhispbium meliloti L5-30. J Bacterial 167:1092–1094
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bellogm R. A., Espuny M. R., Gutierrez-Navarro A. M., Perez- Silva J. 1984; Polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide and in- fectivity of Rhispbium trifolii. Soil Biol Biochem 16:23–26
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Beringer J.E. 1974; R factor transfer in Rhf obium leguminosarum. J Bacteriol 84:188–198
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Blumenkrantz N., Asboe-Hanson G. 1973; New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids. Anal Biochem 54:484–489
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Borthakur D., Barker R. F., Lamb J. W., Daniels M. J., Downie J. A., Johnston A. W. B. 1986; A mutation that blocks exopolysaccharide synthesis prevents nodulation of peas by Rhispbium leguminosarum but not of beans by R phaseoli and is corrected by cloned DNA from Rhitpbium or the phytopathogen Xanthomonas. Mol and Gen Genet 203:320–323
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brewin N. J., Beringer J. E., Johnston A. W. B. 1980; Plasmid mediated transfer of host-range between two strains of Rhispbium leguminosarum. J Gen Microbiol 120:413–420
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Buchanan-Wollaston A.V., Beringer J. E., Brewin N. J., Hirsch P. R., Johnston A. W. B. 1980; Isolation of symbiotically defective mutants in Rhipbium leguminosarum by insertion of the transposon Tn5 into a transmissible plasmid. Mol and Gen Genet 178:185–190
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Buendfa-Clavena A, Enenkel B., Koplin R., Niehaus K., Arnold W.A. 1991; The Rhispbium meliloti exo Z/exo B fragment of megaplasmid 2: Exo B functions as a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase and Exo Z shows homology to Nod X of Rhipbium leguminosarum biovar viciae strain TOM. Mol Microbiol 5:1519–1530
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Canter Cremers H. C. J., Batley M., Redmond J. W., Eydems L., Breedveld M., Zevenhuizen L. P. T. M., Pees E., Wijffelman A., Lugtenberg B. J. J. 1990; Rhipbium leguminosarum exo B mutants are deficient in the synthesis of UDP-glucose 4'-epimerase. J Biol Chem 265:21122–21127
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Cava J. R., Elias P. M., Turowski D. A., Noel K. D. 1989; Rhipbium leguminosarum CFN42 genetic regions encoding lipopolysaccharide structures essential for complete nodule development on bean plants. J Bacteriol 171:8–15
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Chakravorty A. K., Zurkowski W., Shine J., Roife B. G. 1982; Symbiotic nitrogen fixation: molecular cloning of Rhipbium genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and effective nodulation. J Mol Appl Genet 1:585–596
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Clover R., Kieber H.J., Signer E. R. 1989; Lipopolysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium meliloti are not defective in symbiosis. J Bacteriol 171:3961–3967
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Diebold R., Noel K. D. 1989; Rbispbium leguminosarum exopolysaccharide mutants: biochemical and genetic analysis and symbiotic behaviour on three hosts. J Bacteriol 171:4821–4823
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ditta G., Standfield S., Corbin D., Helinski D. R. 1980; Broad host range DNA cloning system for Gram-negative bacteria: construction of a gene bank of Rhizobium meliloti. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:7347–7351
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Espuny M. R., Ollero F. J., Bellogfn R. A., Rufz-Sainz J. E., Perez-Silva J. 1987; Transfer of the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii plasmid pRtr5a to a strain of Rhispbium sp. that nodulates Hedysarum coronarium. J Appl Microbiol 63:13–20
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Fukasawa T., Obonai K., Segawa T., Nogi Y. 1980; The enzymes of galactose cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 255:2705–2707
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hotter G.S., Scott B. D. 1991; Exopolysaccharide mutants of Rhit(obium loti are fully effective on a determinate nodulating host but are ineffective on an indeterminate nodulating host. J Bacteriol 173:851–859
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Ko Y.H., Gayda R. 1990; Nodule formation in soybeans by exopolysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium fredii USDA 191. J Gen Microbiol 136:105–113
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Laemmli U.K. 1970; Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Leigh J.A., Lee C. C. 1988; Characterization of polysaccharide of Rhizobium meliloti exo mutants that form ineffective nodules. J Bacteriol 170:3327–3332
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Leigh J. A., Signer E. R., Walker G. C. 1985; Exopolysaccharide deficient mutants of Rhizobium meliloti that form ineffective nodules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:6231–6235
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Leigh J. A., Reed J. W., Hanks J. F., Hirsch A. M., Walker G. C. 1987; Rhizobium meliloti mutants that fail to succinylate their calcofluor-binding exopolysaccharide are defective in nodule invasion. Cell 51:579–587
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Long S., Reed J. W., Himawan J., Walker G. C. 1988; Genetic analysis of a cluster of genes required for synthesis of the calcofluor- binding exopolysaccharide of Rhispbium meliloti. J Bacteriol 170:4239–4248
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Meade H. M., Long S. R., Ruvkun G. B., Brown S. E., Ausubel F. M. 1982; Physical and genetic characterization of symbiotic and auxotrophic mutants of Rhinpbium meliloti induced by transposon Tn5 mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 149:114–122
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Noel K. D., Vandenbosch K. A., Kulpaca B. 1986; Mutations in Rhizobium phaseoli that lead to arrested development of infection threads. J Bacteriol 168:1392–1401
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ollero F. J., Espuny M. R., Bellogm R. A. 1989; Mobilization of a symbiotic plasmid of a strain of Rhispbium sp. (Hedysarum coronarium). Syst Appl Microbiol 11:217–222
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Parniske M., Kosch K., Werner D., Muller P. 1993; Exo B mutants of Bradyrhispbium japonicum with reduced competitiveness for nodulation of Glycine max. Mol Plant—Microbe Interact 6:99–106
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Puvanesarajah V., Schell F. M., Gerhold D., Stacey G. 1987; Cell surface polysaccharide from Bradyrhitpbium japonicum and a non-nodulating mutant. J Bacteriol 169:137–141
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Ronson C.W., Primrose S. B. 1979; Carbohydrate metabolism in Rhipbium trifolii-. identification and symbiotic properties of mutants. J Gen Microbiol 112:77–88
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Sanchez-Palazon L, Rodrfguez-Burgos A. 1993; Protein synthesis by chick (Gallus domesticus) extraembryonic membranes. Comp Biochem Physiol 104B:689–693
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Simon R. 1984; High frequency mobilization of Gram-negative bacteria replicons by in vitro constructed TnSmob transposon. Mol and Gen Genet 196:413–420
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Sindhu S. S., Brewin N. J., Kannenberg E. L. 1990; Immunochemical analysis of lipopolysaccharide from free-living and endosymbiotic forms of Rhipbium leguminosarum. J Bacteriol 172:1804–1813
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Spiro R.G. 1962; Analysis of sugar found in glycoproteins. Methods Enpmol 8:3–26
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Stacey G., Paau A. S., Noel K. D., Maier E. J., Silver R. J., Brill W. J. 1982; Mutants of Rhipbium japonicum defective in nodulation. Arch Microbiol 132:219–224
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Vincent J.M. 1970 A Manual for the Practical Study of Root Nodule Bacteria. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Williams M.N.V., Hollingsworth R. I., Klein S., Signer E. R. 1990; The symbiotic defect of Rhipbium meliloti exopolysaccharide mutants is suppressed by lps Z+, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 172:2622–2632
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-140-6-1389
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-140-6-1389
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error