1887

Abstract

Iron uptake by the phytopathogenic fungus was studied using synthetic biomimetic ferrichrome analogues and their fluorescently labelled derivatives as structural and dynamic probes, respectively. The use of structurally distinct analogues enabled determination of the structural requirements for recognition by the fungal iron-uptake system. The application of fluorescently labelled derivatives which convert from a non-fluorescent to a fluorescent state upon iron (III) release enabled monitoring of iron uptake in real time both fluorimetrically and microscopically. Different rates of Fe uptake were found for two structurally distinct synthetic analogues, B9 and B5, which differ in their amino acid building blocks. B9 mediated uptake of Fe at a higher rate than B5. The behaviour of the fluorescent derivatives B9-Ant (anthracene-labelled B9) and B5-Ant (anthracene-labelled B5) paralleled that of their non-labelled precursors. Exposure of fungal cells to B9-Ant led to a higher increase of fluorescence in the medium than exposure to B5-Ant, indicating a more effective iron uptake from B9-Ant. By using fluorescence microscopy it was possible to trace the label of B9-Ant. Fluorescence was localized in regularly shaped vesicles in the treated cells. The rate of fluorescence appearance within the cells lagged behind the rate of iron uptake, suggesting use of the siderophores for iron storage.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-143-11-3625
1997-11-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/143/11/mic-143-11-3625.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-143-11-3625&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Budde A.D., Leong S.A. 1989; Characterization of siderophores from Ustilago maydis. . Mycopathologia 108:125–133
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Carrano C.J., Raymond K.N. 1978; Coordination chemistry of microbial iron transport compounds: rhodotorulic acid and iron uptake in Rhodotorula pilmanae. . J Bacteriol 136:69–74
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Dayan I., Libman J., Agi Y., Shanzer A. 1993; Chiral siderophore analogs: ferrichrome.. Inorg Chem 32:1467–1475
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Ecker D.J., Emery T. 1983; Iron uptake from ferrichrome A and iron citrate in Ustilago sphaerogena.. J Bacteriol 155:616–622
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Ecker D.J., Lancaster J.R.J., Emery T. 1982a; Siderophore iron transport followed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.. J Biol Chem 257:8623–8626
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ecker D.J., Passavant C.W., Emery T. 1982b; Role of two siderophores in Ustilago spbaerogena: regulation of biosynthesis and uptake mechanisms.. Biochim Biophys Acta 720:242–249
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Emery T. 1971; Role of ferrichrome as a ferric ionophore in Ustilago spbaerogena. . Biochemistry 10:1483–1488
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Emery T., Neilands J.B. 1961; Structure of the ferrichrome compounds.. J Am Chem Soc 83:1626–1628
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Emery T., Emery L., Olson R.K. 1984; Retrohydroxamate ferrichrome, a biomimetic analogue of ferrichrome.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 119:1191–1197
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Garibaldi J.A., Neilands J.B. 1955; Isolation and properties of ferrichrome A.. J Am Chem Soc 77:2429–2430
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Huschka H., Naegeli H.U., Leuenberger-Ryf H., Keller-Schierlein W., Winkelmann G. 1985; Evidence for a common siderophore transport system but different siderophore receptors in Neurospora crassa. . J Bacteriol 162:715–721
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Huschka H.G., Jalal M.A.F., van der Helm D., Winkelmann G. 1986; Molecular recognition of siderophore in fungi: role of iron-surrounding N-acyl residues and the peptide backbone during membrane transport in Neurospora crassa. . J Bacteriol 167:1020–1024
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Jurkevitch E., Hadar Y., Chen Y., Libman J., Shanzer A. 1992; Iron uptake and molecular recognition in Pseudomonas putida: receptor mapping with ferrichrome and its biomimetic analogs.. J Bacteriol 174:78–83
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Matzanke B.F., Bill E., Trautwein A.X., Winkelmann G. 1987; Role of siderophores in iron storage in spores of Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus ochraceus. . J Bacteriol 169:5873–5876
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Matzanke B.F., Bill E., Trautwein A.X., Winkelmann G. 1990; Siderophores as iron storage compounds in the yeasts Rhodotorula minuta and Ustilago sphaerogena detected by in vivo Mossbauer spectroscopy.. Hyperfine Interact 58:2359–2364
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mei B., Budde A.D., Leong S.A. 1993; sidl, a gene initiating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis: molecular characterization, regulation by iron, and role in phytopathogenicity.. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90903–907
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Meyer J.M., Abdallah M.A. 1978; The fluorescent pigment of Pseudomonas fluorescens: biosynthesis, purification and physicochemical properties.. J Gen Microbiol 107:319–328
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Neilands J.B. 1952; A crystalline organo-iron pigment from a rust fungus (Ustilago sphaerogena). . J Am Chem Soc 74:4846–4847
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Neilands J.B. 1981; Microbial iron compounds.. Annu Rev Biochem 50:715–731
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Voisard C., Wang J., McEvoy J.L., Xu P., Leong S.A. 1993; urbsl, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis, encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1.. Mol Cell Biol 13:7091–7100
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Weizman H., Ardon O., Mester B., Libman J., Dwir O., Hadar Y., Chen Y., Shanzer A. 1996; Fluorescently-labeled ferri- chrome analogs as probes for receptor-mediated, microbial iron uptake.. J Am Chem Soc 118:12368–12375
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Winkelmann G. 1979; Evidence for stereospecific uptake of iron chelates in fungi.. FEBS Lett 97:43–46
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Winkelmann G. 1991a; Recent advances in uptake and storage of iron in fungi.. In Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants pp. 233–238 Edited by Chen Y., Hadar Y. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic;
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Winkelmann G. 1991b; Specificity of iron transport in bacteria and fungi.. In Handbook of Microbial Iron Chelates pp. 65–106 Edited by Winkelmann G. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Winkelmann G. 1991c; Importance of siderophores in fungal growth, sporulation and spore germination.. In Frontiers in Mycology pp. 49–65 Edited by Hawksworth D. L. Wallingford: CAB International;
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Winkelmann G. 1993; Kinetics, energetics, and mechanisms of siderophore iron transport in fungi.. In Iron Chelation in Plants and Soil Microorganisms pp. 219–239 Edited by Barton L. L., Hemming B. C. San Diego, CA: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Winkelmann G., Huschka H.G. 1987; Molecular recognition and transport of siderophores in fungi.. In Iron Transport in Microbes, Plants and Animals pp. 318–336 Edited by Winkelmann G., van der Helm D., Neilands J. B. Weinheim: VCH;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-143-11-3625
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-143-11-3625
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error