The Influence of Maintenance Energy and Growth Rate on the Metabolic Activity, Morphology and Conidiation of Penicillium chrysogenum

References

1. Bartnicki-Garcia S., Nickerson W. J. 1962; Isolation, composition and studies of cell walls of filamentous and yeast-like forms of Mucor rouxii. Biochim. biophys. Acta 58:102
   [Google Scholar]
2. Bent W. J., Morton A. G. 1963; Formation and nature of swollen hyphae in Penicillium and related species. Trans. Br. my col. Soc 46:401
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bracker C. E. 1966; Ultrastructural concepts of sporangiospore formation in Gilbertellapersicaria. The Fungus Spore London: Butterworth;
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bu’lock J. D. 1965 Biogenesis of Antibiotic Substances Vanek Z., Hostalek A. London: Academic Press;61
   [Google Scholar]
5. Burton K. 1956; A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribose nucleic acid. Biochem. J 62:315
   [Google Scholar]
6. Conway E. J. 1957 Microdiffusion Analysis and Volumetric Error, 4. New York: Lockwood;
   [Google Scholar]
7. Hadley G., Harrold C. E. 1958; The sporulation of Penicillium notatum, Westling, in submerged liquid culture.II. J. exp. Bot 9:418
   [Google Scholar]
8. Hawker L. E. 1939; The influence of various sources of carbon on the formation of perithecia by Melanospora destruens Shear in the presence of accessory growth factors. Ann. Bot., Lond. N.S 3:455
   [Google Scholar]
9. Hawker L. E., Hepden P. M. 1962; Sporulation of Rhizopus sexualis and some other fungi following a period of intense respiration. Ann. Bot., Lond. N.S 26:619
   [Google Scholar]
10. Herbert D. 1958; Some principles of continuous culture. Recent Progress in Microbiology 8th. int. Congr. Microbiol381 Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications;
    [Google Scholar]
11. Jarvis F. G., Johnson M. J. 1947; The role of the constituents of synthetic media for penicillin production. J. Am. chem. Soc 69:3010
    [Google Scholar]
12. Morton A. G. 1961; The induction of sporulation in mould fungi. Proc. R. Soc. B 153548
    [Google Scholar]
13. Moyer A. J., CoGHiLL R. D. 1946; Penicillin VIII. Production of penicillin in surface culture. J. Bact 51:57
    [Google Scholar]
14. Park D., Robinson P. M. 1964; Isolation and bioassay of a fungal morphogen. Nature, Lond 203:988
    [Google Scholar]
15. Pirt S. J. 1965; The maintenance energy of bacteria in growing cultures. Proc. R. Soc 16324
    [Google Scholar]
16. Pirt S. J. 1966; A theory of the mode of growth of fungi in the form of pellets in submerged culture. Proc. R. Soc 166369
    [Google Scholar]
17. Pirt S. J., Callow D. S. 1959; Continuous-flow culture of the filamentous mould Penicillium chrysogenum and the control of its morphology. Nature, Lond 184:307
    [Google Scholar]
18. Pirt S. J., Callow D. S. 1960; Studies of the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum in continuous-flow culture with reference to penicillin production. J. appl. Bact 23:87
    [Google Scholar]
19. Pirt S. J., Righelato R. C. 1967; The effect of growth rate on the synthesis of penicillin by Penicillium chrysogenum in batch and chemostat cultures. Appl. Microbiol 15:1284
    [Google Scholar]
20. Reichle R. E., Alexander J. V. 1965; Multiperforate septations, Woronin bodies and septal plugs in Fusarium. J. cell Biol 24:489
    [Google Scholar]
21. Revel J. P., , Napolitano L., Fawcett D. W. 1960; Identification of glycogen in electron micrographs of thin tissue sections. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol 8:575
    [Google Scholar]
22. Righelato R. C., Pirt S. J. 1967; Improved control of organism concentration in continuous cultures of filamentous micro-organisms. J. appl. Bact 30:246
    [Google Scholar]
23. Schaechter M., , Maaløe O., Kjeldgaard N. O. 1958; Dependency on medium and temperature of cell size and chemical composition during balanced growth of Salmonella typhi-murium. J. gen. Microbiol 19:592
    [Google Scholar]
24. Shatkin A. J., Tatum E. L. 1959; Electron microscopy of Neurospora crassa mycelia. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol 6:423
    [Google Scholar]
25. Smith J. H. 1924; On the early growth rate of the individual fungus hypha. New Phytol 29:65
    [Google Scholar]
26. Stickland L. H. 1951; The determination of small quantities of bacteria by means of the Biuret reaction. J. gen. Microbiol 5:698
    [Google Scholar]
27. Tanaka K., Yanagita T. 1963; Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of Aspergillus niger. I. Fine structure of hyphal cells. J. gen. appl. Microbiol 9:101
    [Google Scholar]
28. Tempest D. W., Herbert D. 1965; Effect of dilution rate and growth-limiting substrate on the metabolic activity of Torula utilis. J. gen. Microbiol 41:143
    [Google Scholar]
29. Terroine E. F., Wurmser R. 1922; L’énergie de croissance I. Le développement de I’Aspergillus niger. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol 4:519
    [Google Scholar]
30. Trevelyan W. E., Harrison J. S. 1952; Fractionation and microdetermination of cell carbohydrates. Biochem. J 50:298
    [Google Scholar]
31. Turian G. 1966; Morphogenesis in Ascomycetes. The Fungi 11 Ainsworth G. C., Sussman A. S. London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
32. Umbreit W. W., Burris R. H., Stauffer J. H. 1947; Manometric Techniques andRelatedMethods for the Study of Metabolism. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Co;
    [Google Scholar]
33. Whiffen A. J., Savage G. M. 1947; The relation of natural variation in Penicillium notatum to the yield of penicillin in surface culture. J. Bact 53:231
    [Google Scholar]