1887

Abstract

Cells of wild-type exhibit a low-calcium response (LCR) defined as bacteriostasis with expression of a pCD-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) during cultivation at 37 °C without added Ca versus vegetative growth with downregulation of the T3SS with Ca (≥2.5 mM). Bacteriostasis is known to reflect cumulative toxicity of Na, -glutamic acid and culture pH; control of these variables enables full-scale growth (‘rescue’) in the absence of Ca. Several T3SS regulatory proteins modulate the LCR, because their absence promotes a Ca-blind phenotype in which growth at 37 °C ceases and the T3SS is constitutive even with added Ca. This study analysed the connection between the LCR and Ca by determining the response of selected Ca-blind mutants grown in Ca-deficient rescue media containing Na plus -glutamate (pH 5.5), where the T3SS is not expressed, -glutamate alone (pH 6.5), where -aspartate is fully catabolized, and Na alone (pH 9.0), where the electrogenic sodium pump NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase becomes activated. All three conditions supported essentially full-scale Ca-independent growth at 37 °C of wild-type as well as and mutants (possessing a complete but dysregulated T3SS), indicating that bacteriostasis reflects a Na-dependent lesion in bioenergetics. In contrast, mutants lacking the negative regulator YopD or the YopD chaperone (LcrH) failed to grow in any rescue medium and are therefore truly temperature-sensitive. The Ca-blind phenotype was fully suppressed in a Ca-independent background lacking the injectisome-associated inner-membrane component YscV but not peripheral YscK, suggesting that the core translocon energizes YopD.

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2009-08-01
2024-03-29
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