1887

Abstract

The unicellular rhodophyte , having a single plastid and a single mitochondrion, is suitable for the analysis of the cell cycle involving the division of organelles. In conventional methods of synchronous culture of algae, light/dark cycles have been used as signals for synchronization, and the gene expression promoted by light is not separated from the gene expression related to cell cycle progression. We previously devised a novel synchronous culture system with controlled photosynthesis, which is triggered by 6 h-light/18 h-dark cycles combined with different levels of CO. The cells do not enter S-phase and consequently do not divide after the minimum light period without CO supplementation, but do divide after a light period with 1 % CO. In this way, we can compare a dividing cycle and a non-dividing cycle. We examined changes in the expression of 74 genes throughout the cell cycle by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of genes for two cyclins (cyclin C and H) and two CDKs (CDKA and CDKD) as well as metabolic enzymes was promoted by light, whereas the expression of genes for G1/S or G2/M cyclins and CDKs as well as DNA replication enzymes and proteins related to organellar division was promoted only in the dividing cycles. These results suggested that has a checkpoint for G1/S progression, which is regulated by nutrients within the 6 h light period.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.037754-0
2010-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/156/6/1730.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.037754-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amino S., Fujimura T., Komamine A. 1983; Synchrony induced by double phosphate starvation in a suspension culture of Catharanthus roseus. Physiol Plant 59:393–396
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bernstein E. 1960; Synchronous division in Chlamydomonas moewusii. Science 131:1528–1529
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Cikos S., Bukovská A., Koppel J. 2007; Relative quantification of mRNA: comparison of methods currently used for real-time PCR data analysis. BMC Mol Biol 8:113
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cross F. R., Roberts J. M. 2001; Retinoblastoma protein: combating algal bloom. Curr Biol 11:R824–R827
    [Google Scholar]
  5. de Hoon M. J., Imoto S., Nolan J., Miyano S. 2004; Open source clustering software. Bioinformatics 20:1453–1454
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Ishikawa M., Fujiwara M., Sonoike K., Sato N. 2009; Orthogenomics of photosynthetic organisms: bioinformatic and experimental analysis of chloroplast proteins of endosymbiont origin in Arabidopsis and their counterparts in Synechocystis. Plant Cell Physiol 50:773–788
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Itoh R., Takahashi H., Toda K., Kuroiwa H., Kuroiwa T. 1996; Aphidicolin uncouples the chloroplast division cycle from the mitotic cycle in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Eur J Cell Biol 71:303–310
    [Google Scholar]
  8. King P. J., Cox B. J., Fowler M. W., Street H. E. 1974; Metabolic events in synchronised cell cultures of Acer pseudoplatanus L. Planta 117:109–122
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Kobayashi Y., Kanesaki Y., Tanaka A., Kuroiwa H., Kuroiwa T., Tanaka K. 2009; Tetrapyrrole signal as a cell-cycle coordinator from organelle to nuclear DNA replication in plant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:803–807
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kodama H., Ito M., Hattori T., Nakamura K., Komamine A. 1991; Isolation of genes that are preferentially expressed at the G1/S boundary during the cell cycle in synchronized cultures of Catharanthus roseus cells. Plant Physiol 95:406–411
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Matsuzaki M., Misumi O., Shin-i T., Maruyama S., Takahara M., Miyagishima S., Mori T., Nishida K., Yagisawa F. other authors 2004; Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D. Nature 428:653–657
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Minoda A., Sakagami R., Yagisawa F., Kuroiwa T., Tanaka K. 2004; Improvement of culture conditions and evidence for nuclear transformation by homologous recombination in a red alga, Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D. Plant Cell Physiol 45:667–671
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Moriyama T., Terasawa K., Fujiwara M., Sato N. 2008; Purification and characterization of organellar DNA polymerases in the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. FEBS J 275:2899–2918
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Murakami H., Nurse P. 2000; DNA replication and damage checkpoints and meiotic cell cycle controls in the fission and budding yeasts. Biochem J 349:1–12
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nishida T., Ohnishi N., Kodama H., Komamine A. 1992; Establishment of synchrony by starvation and readdition of auxin in suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus cells. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 28:37–43
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Nozaki H., Takano H., Misumi O., Terasawa K., Matsuzaki M., Maruyama S., Nishida K., Yagisawa F., Yoshida Y. other authors 2007; A 100 %-complete sequence reveals unusually simple genomic features in the hot-spring red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. BMC Biol 5:28
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Planchais S., Glab N., Inze D., Bergounioux C. 2000; Chemical inhibitors: a tool for plant cell cycle studies. FEBS Lett 476:78–83
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Riou-Khamlichi C., Huntley R., Jacqmard A., Murray J. A. 1999; Cytokinin activation of Arabidopsis cell division through a D-type cyclin. Science 283:1541–1544
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Riou-Khamlichi C., Menges M., Healy J. M., Murray J. A. 2000; Sugar control of the plant cell cycle: differential regulation of Arabidopsis D-type cyclin gene expression. Mol Cell Biol 20:4513–4521
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sato N., Moriyama T. 2007; Genomic and biochemical analysis of lipid biosynthesis in the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidioschyzon merolae: lack of a plastidic desaturation pathway results in the coupled pathway of galactolipid synthesis. Eukaryot Cell 6:1006–1017
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Tamiya H., Iwamura T., Shibata K., Hase E., Nihei T. 1953; Correlation between photosynthesis and light-independent metabolism in the growth of Chlorella. Biochim Biophys Acta 12:23–40
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Toda K., Takano H., Miyagishima S., Kuroiwa H., Kuroiwa T. 1998; Characterization of a chloroplast isoform of serine acetyltransferase from the thermo-acidiphilic red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Biochim Biophys Acta 140372–84
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.037754-0
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.037754-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF

Supplementary material 2

PDF

Supplementary material 3

PDF

Supplementary material 4

PDF

Supplementary material 5

PDF

Supplementary material 6

PDF

Supplementary material 7

PDF

Supplementary material 8

PDF

Supplementary material 9

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error