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Volume 160, Issue 2

Copper chloride induces antioxidant gene expression but reduces ability to mediate HO toxicity in Free

Abstract

Copper (Cu)-based biocides are currently used as control measures for both fungal and bacterial diseases in agricultural fields. In this communication, we show that exposure of the bacterial plant pathogen to nonlethal concentrations of Cu ions (75 µM) enhanced expression of genes in OxyR, OhrR and IscR regulons. High levels of catalase, Ohr peroxidase and superoxide dismutase diminished Cu-induced gene expression, suggesting that the production of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and organic hydroperoxides is responsible for Cu-induced gene expression. Despite high expression of antioxidant genes, the CuCl-treated cells were more susceptible to HO killing treatment than the uninduced cells. This phenotype arose from lowered catalase activity in the CuCl-pretreated cells. Thus, exposure to a nonlethal dose of Cu renders vulnerable to HO, even when various genes for peroxide-metabolizing enzymes are highly expressed. Moreover, CuCl-pretreated cells are sensitive to treatment with the redox cycling drug, menadione. No physiological cross-protection response was observed in CuCl-treated cells in a subsequent challenge with killing concentrations of an organic hydroperoxide. As HO production is an important initial plant immune response, defects in HO protection are likely to reduce bacterial survival in plant hosts and enhance the usefulness of copper biocides in controlling bacterial pathogens.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Chulabhorn Research Institute
  • the Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Science & Technology Postgraduate Education and Research Development Office (PERDO), Ministry of Education, Thailand
  • Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
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2014-02-01
2024-04-18
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Copper chloride induces antioxidant gene expression but reduces ability to mediate H2O2 toxicity in Xanthomonas campestris
Microbiology 160, 458 (2014); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.072470-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.072470-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.072470-0
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