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Volume 153, Issue 5

Nonribosomal peptide synthesis in and other fungi Free

Abstract

In fungi, nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRP synthetases) are large multi-functional enzymes containing adenylation, thiolation (or peptidyl carrier protein, PCP) and condensation domains. These enzymes are often encoded within gene clusters. Multiple NRP synthetase ORFs have also been identified in fungi (14 in ). LeaA, a methyltransferase, is involved in secondary metabolite gene cluster regulation in spp. The NRP synthetases GliP and FtmA respectively direct the biosynthesis of the toxic metabolites gliotoxin and brevianamide F, a precursor of bioactive prenylated alkaloids. The NRP synthetase Pes1 has been shown to mediate resistance to oxidative stress, and in plant-pathogenic ascomycetes (e.g. ) an NRP synthetase, encoded by the gene, significantly contributes to virulence and resistance to oxidative stress. Adenylation (A) domains within NRP synthetases govern the specificity of amino acid incorporation into nonribosomally synthesized peptides. To date there have only been limited demonstrations of A domain specificity (e.g. GliP and in ) in fungi. Indeed, only prediction data are available on A domain specificity of NRP synthetases from most fungi. NRP synthetases are activated by 4′-phosphopantetheinylation of serine residues within PCP domains by 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferases (4′-PPTases). Coenzyme A acts as the 4′-phosphopantetheine donor, and labelled coenzyme A can be used to affinity-label apo-NRP synthetases. Emerging fungal gene disruption and gene cluster expression strategies, allied to proteomic strategies, are poised to facilitate a greater understanding of the coding potential of NRP synthetases in fungi.

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2007-05-01
2024-04-19
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Nonribosomal peptide synthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi
Microbiology 153, 1297 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2006/006908-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/006908-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2006/006908-0
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