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Volume 153, Issue 7

The -lactam-resistance modifier (−)-epicatechin gallate alters the architecture of the cell wall of Free

Abstract

(−)-Epicatechin gallate (ECg), a component of green tea, sensitizes meticillin-resistant (MRSA) to -lactam antibiotics, promotes staphylococcal cell aggregation and increases cell-wall thickness. The potentiation of -lactam activity against MRSA by ECg was not due to decreased bacterial penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2a expression or ECg binding to peptidoglycan. A 5–10 % reduction in peptidoglycan cross-linking was observed. Reduced cross-linking was insufficient to compromise the integrity of the cell wall and no evidence of PBP2a activity was detected in the muropeptide composition of ECg-grown cells. ECg increased the quantity of autolysins associated with the cell wall, even though the cells were less susceptible to Triton X-100-induced autolysis than cells grown in the absence of ECg. ECg promoted increased lysostaphin resistance that was not due to alteration of the pentaglycine cross-bridge configuration or inhibition of lysostaphin activity. Rather, decreased lysostaphin susceptibility was associated with structural changes to wall teichoic acid (WTA), an acid-labile component of peptidoglycan. ECg also promoted lipoteichoic acid (LTA) release from the cytoplasmic membrane. It is proposed that ECg reduces -lactam resistance in MRSA either by binding to PBPs at sites distinct from the penicillin-binding site or by intercalation into the cytoplasmic membrane, displacing LTA from the phospholipid palisade. Thus, ECg-mediated alterations to the physical nature of the bilayer will elicit structural changes to WTA that result in modulation of the cell-surface properties necessary to maintain the -lactam-resistant phenotype.

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Keyword(s): EC, (−)-epicatechin , ECg, (−)-epicatechin gallate , EGCg, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate , LTA, lipoteichoic acid , MRSA, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , MSSA, meticillin-susceptible S. aureus , PBP, penicillin-binding protein , VISA, vancomycin-intermediate-resistant S. aureus and WTA, wall teichoic acid
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2007-07-01
2024-04-18
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The β-lactam-resistance modifier (−)-epicatechin gallate alters the architecture of the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus
Microbiology 153, 2093 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2007/007807-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2007/007807-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2007/007807-0
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