1887

Abstract

X14 is a facultative lithoautotroph that conserves energy from the oxidation of nitrite () and fixes carbon dioxide (CO) as its sole source of carbon. The availability of the X14 genome sequence initiated a re-examination of its mixotrophic and organotrophic potential, as genes encoding three flavin-dependent oxidases were identified that may function to oxidize lactate, providing energy and carbon for growth. The response of to - and -lactate in the presence (mixotrophy) and absence (organotrophy) of was examined. -Lactate did not support organotrophic growth or stimulate mixotrophic growth. In contrast, -lactate enhanced the growth rate and yield of in the presence of , and served as the sole carbon and energy source for growth in the absence of with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. Lithoautotrophically grown cells immediately consumed -lactate, suggesting that a lactate metabolic pathway is constitutively expressed. Nevertheless, a physiological adaptation to lactate occurred, as -lactate-grown cells consumed and assimilated lactate at a faster rate than -grown cells, and the -lactate-dependent O uptake rate was significantly greater in cells grown either organotrophically or mixotrophically compared with cells grown lithoautotrophically. Although -lactate was assimilated and metabolized to CO in the presence or absence of , exposure to atmospheric CO or the addition of 0.75 mM sodium carbonate was required for mixotrophic growth and for optimum organotrophic growth on -lactate.

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2008-08-01
2024-04-19
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