1887

Microbiology Society logo

Volume 129, Issue 3

Numerical Taxonomy of Free

Abstract

A numerical taxonomic study of strains of , together with representatives of allied genera, showed 28 reasonably distinct phenons. The major areas, with their phenons, were: () enterococcal species group ( and a proposed new species ‘’); () paraviridans species group ( and an unidentified Oral Group I); () lactic species group ( including ); () thermophilic species group (); () viridans species group (, a proposed new species ‘’ and ‘’); () pyogenic species group ( including ‘’, and a cluster of Lancefield Group B strains of human origin); () parapyogenic species group (, and a cluster of strains of Lancefield Groups R, S and T). Species of and are very closely related to the streptococci.

  • Received:
  • Published Online:
© Society for General Microbiology, 1983
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-3-565
1983-03-01
2024-04-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/129/3/mic-129-3-565.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-3-565&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amstein F., Hartman P. A. 1973; Differentiation of some enterococci by gas chromatography. Journal of Bacteriology 113:38–41
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrewes F. W., Horder T. J. 1906; A study of the streptococci pathogenic for man, I-VII. Lancet 2:708–713
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Barnes E. M. 1956; Methods for the isolation of faecal streptococci (Lancefield Group D) from bacon factories. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 19:193–203
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Barnes E. M., Mead G. C., Impey C. S., Adams B. W. 1978; The effect of dietary bacitracin on the incidence of Streptococcus faecalis subsp.liquefaciens and related streptococci in the intestines of young chicks. British Poultry Science 19:713–723
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Bridge P. D. 1981 A taxonomic study of the genus Streptococcus. Ph.D. thesis Leicester University, U.K.:
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Bridge P. D., Sneath P. H. A. 1982; Streptococcus gallinarum sp. nov. and Streptococcus oralis sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 32:410–415
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Broom A. K., Sneath P. H. A. 1981; Numerical taxonomy of Haemophilus. Journal of General Microbiology 126:123–149
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Bryans J. T., Moore B. O. 1972; Group C streptococcal infections of the horse. In Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases pp. 327–338 Wannamaker L. W., Matsen J. M. Edited by New York: Academic Press.;
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Carlsson J. 1968; A numerical taxonomic study of human oral streptococci. Odontologisk Revy 19:137–160
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Chesbro W. R., Evans J. B. 1959; Factors affecting the growth of enterococci in highly alkaline media. Journal of Bacteriology 78:858–862
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Christie E., Atkins N. W., Munch Peterson E. 1944; A note on a lytic phenomenon shown by group B streptococci. Australian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 22:197–200
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Clausen O. G. 1964; The discovery, isolation and classification of various α-haemolytic micrococci which resemble aerococci. Journal of General Microbiology 35:1–8
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Cole J. S., Kolstad R. A. 1974; Some atypical features of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10557. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:370–372
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Collins M. D., Jones D. 1979; The distribution of isoprenoid quinones in streptococci of serological groups D and N. Journal of General Microbiology 114:27–33
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Colman G. 1968; The application of computers to the classification of streptococci. Journal of General Microbiology 50:149–158
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Colman G., Williams R. E. O. 1965; The cell walls of streptococci. Journal of General Microbiology 41:375–387
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Colman G., Williams R. E. O. 1972; Taxonomy of some human viridans streptococci. In Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases pp. 282–299 Wannamaker L. W., Matsen J. M. Edited by New York: Academic Press.;
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Colobert L., Blondeau H. 1962; L’espèce Streptococcus faecalis. I. Etude de l’homogénéité par la method Adansonnienne. Annales de l’Institut Pasteur 103:345–362
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Cowan S. T., Steel K. J. 1974 Cowan & Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, 2nd edn.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.;
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Coykendall A. L. 1974; Four types of Streptococcus mutans, based on their genetic, antigenic and bio-chemical characteristics. Journal of General Microbiology 83:327–338
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Coykendall A. L. 1977; Proposal to elevate the subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to species status, based on their molecular composition. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 27:26–30
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Coykendall A. L., Munzenmaier A. J. 1978; Deoxyribonucleic acid base sequence studies on glucan-producing and glucan-negative strains of Streptococcus mitior. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:511–515
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Davis G. H. G., Fomin L., Wilson E., Newton K. G. 1969; Numerical taxonomy of Listeria, streptococci and possibly related bacteria. Journal of General Microbiology 57:333–348
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Deibel R. H. 1964; The group D streptococci. Bacteriological Reviews 28:330–336
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Deibel R. H., Seeley H. W.Jr 1974; Genus I.Streptococcus. In Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edn.. pp. 490–509 Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E. Edited by Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
     [Google Scholar]
  26. De Ley J. 1970; Re-examination of the association between melting point, buoyant density and chemical base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid. Journal of Bacteriology 101:738–754
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Drucker D. B., Melville T. H. 1971; The classification of some oral streptococci of human or rat origin. Archives of Oral Biology 16:845–853
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Elliott S. D. 1966; Streptococcal infection in young pigs. I. An immunological study of the causative agent (PM streptococcus). Journal of Hygiene 64:205–212
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Facklam R. R. 1974; Characteristics of Streptococcus mutans isolated from human dental plaque and blood. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:313–319
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Facklam R. R. 1977; Physiological differentiation of viridans streptococci. Journal of Clinical Micro-biology 5:184–201
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Falkow S. 1958; Activity of lysine decarboxylase as an aid in the identification of Salmonellae and Shigellae. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 29:598–600
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Feltham R. K. A. 1975 A comparison of numerical and electrophoretic studies of the Enterobacteriaceae. Ph.D. thesis Leicester University, U.K.:
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Feltham R. K. A. 1979; A taxonomic study of the genus Streptococcus. . In Pathogenic Streptococci pp. 247–248 Parker M. T. Edited by Chertsey, Surrey: Reedbooks Ltd.;
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Feltham R. K. A., Power A. K., Pell P. A., Sneath P. H. A. 1978; A simple method for storage of bacteria at −76 °C. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 44:313–316
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Feltham R. K. A., Sneath P. H. A. 1982; Construction of matrices for computer-assisted identification of aerobic Gram-positive cocci. Journal of General Microbiology 128:713–720
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Garvie E. I. 1976; Hybridization between the deoxyribonucleic acids of some strains of heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 26:116–122
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Garvie E. I. 1978; Streptococcus raffinolactis (Orla- Jensen and Hansen): a group N streptococcus found in raw milk. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:190–193
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Garvie E. I. 1979; A note on the preparation of deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptococcus bovis and variations in the melting temperature of different preparations. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 46:553–555
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Garvie E. I., Bramley A. J. 1979a; Streptococcus uberis: an approach to its classification. Journal of Applied Bactenology 46:295–304
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Garvie E. I., Bramley A. J. 1979b; Streptococcus bovis - an approach to its classification and its importance as a cause of bovine mastitis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 46:557–566
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Garvie E. I., Farrow J. A. E., Phillips B. A. 1981; A taxonomic study of some strains of streptococci which grow at 10 °C but not at 45 °C including Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cre- moris. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. (Originate C) 2:151–165
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Gower J. C. 1966; Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 53:325–338
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Grimont P. A. D., Grimont F., Dulongderosnay H. L. C., Sneath P. H. A. 1977; Taxonomy of the genus Serratia. Journal of General Microbiology 98:39–66
     [Google Scholar]
  44. Guthof O. 1956; Uber pathogene “vergrünende Streptokokken”. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, lnfectionskrankheiten und Hygiene (Abteilung I,Originale) 166:553–564
     [Google Scholar]
  45. Hardie J. M., Marsh P. D. 1978; Streptococci and the human oral flora. In Streptococci pp. 157–206 Skinner F. A., Quesnel L. B. Edited by London: Academic Press.;
     [Google Scholar]
  46. Hill L. R. 1966; An index to deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of bacterial species. Journal of General Microbiology 44:419–437
     [Google Scholar]
  47. Humble M. W., King A., Phillips J. 1977; APIzym: a simple rapid system for the detection of bacterial enzymes. Journal of Clinical Pathology 30:275–277
     [Google Scholar]
  48. Jacob A. E., Douglas G. J., Hobbs S. J. 1975; Self-transferable plasmids determining the haemoly- sin and bacteriocin of Streptococcus faecalis var.zymogenes. Journal of Bacteriology 121:863–872
     [Google Scholar]
  49. Jones D. 1978; Composition and differentiation of the genus Streptococcus. In Streptococci pp. 1–49 Skinner F. A., Quesnel L. B. Edited by London: Acadeipic Press;
     [Google Scholar]
  50. Jones D., Sackin M. J., Sneath P. H. A. 1972; A numerical taxonomic study of the streptococci of serological group D. Journal of General Microbiology 72:439–450
     [Google Scholar]
  51. Kalina A. P. 1970; The taxonomy and nomenclature of enterococci. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 20:185–189
     [Google Scholar]
  52. Keil P., Skadhauge K. 1973; Studies on mannitol fermenting strains of Streptococcus bovis. Acta patho-logica et microbiologica scandinavica 81:10–14
     [Google Scholar]
  53. Lancefield R. C. 1933; A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci. Journal of Experimental Medicine 57:571–595
     [Google Scholar]
  54. London J., Kline K. 1973; Aldolase of lactic acid bacteria: a case history in the use of an enzyme as an evolutionary marker. Bacteriological Reviews 31:453–478
     [Google Scholar]
  55. London J., Chace N. M., Kline K. 1975; Aldolase of lactic acid bacteria: immunological relationships among aldolases of streptococci and Gram-positive nonsporeforming anaerobes. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 25:114–123
     [Google Scholar]
  56. Medrek T. F., Barnes E. M. 1962; The physiological and serological properties of Streptococcus bovis and related organisms isolated from cattle and sheep. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 25:169–179
     [Google Scholar]
  57. Moor C.E.de, Thal E. 1968; Beta haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield groups E, P and U: Streptococcus infrequens. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 34:377–387
     [Google Scholar]
  58. Mundt J. O. 1975; Unidentified streptococci from plants. International Journal of Systematic Bac-teriology 25:281–285
     [Google Scholar]
  59. Mundt J. O., Graham W. F. 1968; Streptococcus faecium var.casseliflavus nov. var. Journal of Bacteriology 95:2005–2009
     [Google Scholar]
  60. National Collection of Dairy Organisms 1974 Catalogue of Strains Maintained at the National Collection of Dairy Organisms. Reading: University of Reading;
     [Google Scholar]
  61. Nowlan S. S., Deibel R. H. 1967; Group Q streptococci. I. Ecology, serology, physiology and relationship to established enterococci. Journal of Bacteriology 94:291–296
     [Google Scholar]
  62. Odds F. C., Hall C. A., Abbott A. B. 1978; Peptones and mycological reproducibility. Sabour-audia 16:237–246
     [Google Scholar]
  63. Oliver D. R., Brown B. L., Clewell D. B. 1977; Characterization of plasmids determining haemoly- sin and bacteriocin production in Streptococcus faecalis 5952. Journal of Bacteriology 130:948–950
     [Google Scholar]
  64. Orla-Jensen S. 1919 The Lactic Acid Bacteria. Copenhagen: Adr. Fred Host & Son;
     [Google Scholar]
  65. Orla-Jensen A. D., Hansen P. A. 1932; The bacteriological flora of spontaneously soured milk and of commercial starters for butter making. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infectionskrankheiten und Hygiene (Abteilung 2) 86:629
     [Google Scholar]
  66. Parker M. T., Ball L. C. 1979; Streptococcus milleri as a pathogen for man. In Pathogenic Streptococci pp. 234–235 Parker M. T. Edited by Chertsey, Surrey: Reedbooks;
     [Google Scholar]
  67. Raj H., Colwell R. R. 1966; Taxonomy of enterococci by computer analysis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 12:353–362
     [Google Scholar]
  68. Roop D. R., Mundt J. O., Riggsby W. S. 1974; Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization studies among some strains of group D and group N streptococci. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 24:330–337
     [Google Scholar]
  69. Rosenbach F. J. 1884 Mikro-organismen bei den Wund-Infections-Krankheiten des Menschen. Wiesbaden: J. F. Bergmann;
     [Google Scholar]
  70. Ross R. F. 1972; Streptococcal infections in swine. In Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases pp. 339–348 Wannamaker L. W., Matsen J. M. Edited by New York: Academic Press.;
     [Google Scholar]
  71. Seyfried P. L. 1968; An approach to the classification of lactobacilli using computer-aided numerical analysis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 14:313–318
     [Google Scholar]
  72. Sherman J. M. 1937; The streptococci. Bacteriological Reviews 1:3–97
     [Google Scholar]
  73. Skerman V. B. D. 1969 Abstracts of Microbiological Methods. New York: Wiley.;
     [Google Scholar]
  74. Skerman V. B. D., Mcgowan V., Sneath P. H. A. 1980 Editors Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30:225–420
     [Google Scholar]
  75. Smith P. B., Hancock G. A., Rhoden D. L. 1969; Improved medium for detecting deoxyribonuclease producing bacteria. Applied Microbiology 18:991–993
     [Google Scholar]
  76. Sneath P. H. A. 1977; A method for testing the distinctness of clusters: a test of the disjunction of two clusters in Euclidean space as measured by their overlap. Mathematical Geology 9:123–143
     [Google Scholar]
  77. Sneath P. H. A. 1978; Classification of microorganisms. In Essays in Microbiology pp. 9123–143 Norris J. R., Richmond M. H. Edited by Chichester: John Wiley;
     [Google Scholar]
  78. Sneath P. H. A. 1979a; BASIC program for a significance test for two clusters in Euclidean space as measured by their overlap. Computers and Geosciences 5:143–155
     [Google Scholar]
  79. Sneath P. H. A. 1979b; BASIC program for character separation indices from an identification matrix of percent positive characters. Computers and Geosciences 5:349–357
     [Google Scholar]
  80. Sneath P. H. A. 1980a; BASIC program for the most diagnostic properties of groups from an identification matrix of percent positive characters. Computers and Geosciences 6:21–26
     [Google Scholar]
  81. Sneath P. H. A. 1980b; BASIC program for determining the best identification scores possible from the most typical examples when compared with an identification matrix of percent positive characters. Computers and Geosciences 6:27–34
     [Google Scholar]
  82. Sneath P. H. A. 1980c; BASIC program for determining overlap between groups in an identification matrix of percent positive characters. Computers and Geosciences 6:267–278
     [Google Scholar]
  83. Sneath P. H. A., Johnson R. 1972; The influence on numerical taxonomic similarities of errors in microbiological tests. Journal of General Microbiology 72:377–392
     [Google Scholar]
  84. Sneath P. H. A., Skerman V. B. D. 1966; A list of type and reference strains of bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 16:1–133
     [Google Scholar]
  85. Sneath P. H. A., Sokal R. R. 1973 Numerical Taxonomy. San Francisco: W.H.Freeman;
     [Google Scholar]
  86. Sneath P. H. A., Stevens M., Sackin M. J. 1981; Numerical taxonomy of Pseudomonas based on published records of substrate utilization. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 47:423–448
     [Google Scholar]
  87. Splittstoesser D. F., Mautz M., Colwell R. R. 1968; Numerical taxonomy of catalase-negative cocci isolated from frozen vegetables. Applied Microbiology 16:1024–1028
     [Google Scholar]
  88. Vaughan D. H., Riggsby W. S., Mundt J. O. 1979; . Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of strains of yellow-pigmented group D streptococci. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 29:204–212
     [Google Scholar]
  89. Waitkins S. A., Ball L. C., Fraser C. A. M. 1980; Use of the APIzym system in rapid identification of α- and nonhaemolytic streptococci. Journal of Clinical Pathology 33:53–57
     [Google Scholar]
  90. Weissman S. M., Reich P. R., Somerson N. L., Cole R. M. 1966; Genetic differentiation by nucleic acid homology. IV. Relationships among Lancefield groups and serotypes of streptococci. Journal of Bacteriology 92:1372–1377
     [Google Scholar]
  91. Whittenbury R. 1965; A study of some pediococci and their relationship to Aerococcus viridans and the enterococci. Journal of General Microbiology 40:97–106
     [Google Scholar]
  92. Willcox W. R., Lapage S. P., Bascomb S., Curtis M. A. 1973; Identification of bacteria by computer: theory and programming. Journal of General Microbiology 77:317–330
     [Google Scholar]
  93. Williams R. E. O. 1956; Streptococcus salivarius (vel hominis) and its relation to Lancefield’s Group K. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 72:15–25
     [Google Scholar]
  94. Wilson C. D., Salt G. F. H. 1978; Streptococci in animal disease. In Streptococci pp. 143–156 Skinner F. A., Quesnel L. B. Edited by London: Academic Press.;
     [Google Scholar]
  95. Wilson G. S. 1975 Topley and Wilson’s Principles of Bacteriology and Immunology 1, 6th edn.. London: Arnold;
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-3-565
Loading
Numerical Taxonomy of Streptococcus
Microbiology 129, 565 (1983); https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-129-3-565
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-3-565
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-3-565
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error