1887

Abstract

A new species is described that was isolated from a thermal, volcanic, algal-bacterial community via selective enrichment procedures with pectin as energy source. sp. nov. deposits elemental sulphur on the cell surface and in the culture medium from thiosulphate transformation. This species stained Gram-negative, but electron micrographs revealed a double-layered wall without the presence of an outer membranous layer. Thin sections displayed numerous internal membranes and sulphur granules were not discernible. The organism was motile and formed distinctly swollen sporangia with terminal, white-refractile, spherical spores. The temperature range for growth was >35 °C and <75 °C, the pH range was between 4·0 and 7·5. The DNA base composition was 32·6 ± 0·04 mol% guanosine plus cytosine. Fermentable carbohydrates included pectin, starch, xylose, glucose, mannose, cellobiose, maltose, arabinose and sucrose. The doubling time on glucose or pectin was about 2 h. The production of ethanol, H/CO, acetate and lactate accounted for a balanced fermentation of glucose, whereas methanol and isopropanol were also produced during pectin fermentation. The taxonomic relationships of to other thermophilic Clostridia and its biological role in a thermal microbial community are discussed.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-4-1149
1983-04-01
2024-04-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/129/4/mic-129-4-1149.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-4-1149&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Ben-Bassat A., Zeikus J. G. 1981; Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus. gen. nov. sp. nov., a new chemoorganotrophic, anaerobic bacterium. Archives of Microbiology 128:365–373
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bergmeyer H. U. 1965 Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Weinheim. F.R.G.:: Verlag Chemie.;
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Brock T. D. 1978 Thermophilic Microorganisms and Life at High Temperatures. New York:: Springer Verlag.;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Buchanan R. E., Gibbons N. E. 1974 Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edn.. Baltimore:: Williams & Wilkins.;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Deley J. 1970; Reexamination of the association between melting point, buoyant density and the chemical base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid. Journal of Bacteriology 101:738–754
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Desikachary T. V. 1959 Cyanophyta. New Delhi:: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.;
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Doemel W. N., Brock T. D. 1977; Structure, growth and decomposition of laminated algal- bacterial mats in alkaline hot springs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 34:433–452
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Fliermanns C. B., Brock T. D. 1972; Assay of elemental sulphur in soil. Soil Science 115:120–122
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Fontaine F. E., Peterson W. H., Mccoy E., Johnson M. J., Ritter G. J. 1942; A new type of glucose fermentation of Clostridium thermoaceticumsp. nov. Journal of Bacteriology 43:701–705
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hsu E. T., Ordal Z. J. 1970; Comparative metabolism of vegetative and sporulating cultures of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum. Journal of Bacteriology 102:364–376
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kellenberger E., Ryter A., Sechaud R. 1958; Electron microscopic study of DNA containing plasmids II.Vegetative and mature phage DNA as compared with normal bacterial nucleoids in different physiological states. Journal of Biophysical and Biochemical Cytology 4:671–676
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Klaushofer H., Parkkinen E. 1965; ZurFrage der Bedeutungaerober und anaerober thermophiler Sporenbildner als Infektionsursache in Rübenzuck-erfabriken. I.Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, eineneue Art eines saccharolytischen Clostridiums. Zeitschrift für Zuckerindustrie 15:445–449
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Ljungdahl L. G., Bryant F., Curreira L., Saiki T., Wiegel J. 1981; Some aspects of thermophilic bacteria. In Trends in the Biology of Fermentations for Fuels and Chemicals pp. 397–420 Hollaender A. Edited by New York:: Plenum Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Madigan M. T., Brock T. D. 1975; Photosynthetic sulphide oxidation by Chloroflexus aurantiacus, a filamentous, photosynthetic, gliding bacterium. Journal of Bacteriology 122:782–784
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Marmur J. 1961; A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. Journal of Molecular Biology 3:208–218
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Matteuzzi D., Hollaus F., Biavati B. 1978; Proposal of neotype for Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum and the merging of Clostridium tartarivorum with Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 28:528–531
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mcbee R. H. 1948; The culture and physiology of a thermophilic cellulose-fermenting bacterium. Journal of Bacteriology 56:653–664
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Miller G. L., Blum R., Glenmore W. E., Burton A. L. 1960; Measurement of carboxymethylcellulase activity. Analytical Biochemistry 1:127–132
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Nelson D. R., Zeikus J. G. 1974; Rapid method for the radioisotopic analysis of gaseous end products of anaerobic metabolism. Applied Microbiology 28:258–261
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ng T. K., Weimer P., Zeikus J. G. 1977; Cellulolytic and physiological properties of Clostridium thermocellum. Archives of Microbiology 114:1–7
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Pachmayr I. 1960 Vorkommen und Bestimmung von Schwefelverbindungen in Mineralwasser. Ph.D. thesis Munich University.:
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Pfennig N. 1967; Photosynthetic bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology 21:285–324
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Postgate J. R. 1963; Versatile medium for the enumeration of sulphate-reducing bacteria. Applied Microbiology 11:265–267
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Schedel M., TrÜper H. G. 1980; Anaerobic oxidation of thiosulphate and elemental sulphur in Thiobacillus denitrificans. Archives of Microbiology 124:205–210
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Schink B., Zeikus J. G. 1980; Microbial methanol formation: a major end product of pectin metabolism. Current Microbiology 4:387–389
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Schink B., Zeikus J. G. 1982; Microbial ecology of pectin metabolism in anoxic lake sediments. Journal of General Microbiology 128:393–404
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Schink B., Ward J. C., Zeikus J. G. 1981; Microbiology of wetwood: role of anaerobic bacterial populations in living trees. Journal of General Microbiology 123:313–322
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Sleytr U. B., Glauert A. M. 1976; Ultrastructure of the cell walls of two closely related Clostridia that possess different regular arrays of surface subunits. Journal of Bacteriology 126:863–882
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Szarkowska L., Klingenberg K. 1963; On the role of ubiquinone in mitochondria.Spectrophotometric and chemical measurements of its redox reactions. Biochemische Zeitschrift 338:674–697
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Viljoen J. A., Fred E. B., Peterson W. H. 1926; The fermentation of cellulose by thermophilic bacteria. Journal of Agricultural Science 16:1–17
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Wang D. I. C., Fleischer R. J., Wang G. Y. 1979; Novel synthesis of acetic acid by Clostridium thermoaceticum. AICHE Symposium Series No. 182 74:105–111
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Wang D. I. C., Biocic F., Fang H. Y., Wang G. Y. 1979; Direct microbiological conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Biomass Energy Systems Conference National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia pp. 61–67
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Wiegel J., Ljungdahl L. G. 1981; Thermoaerobacter ethanolicus gen. nov. sp. nov., a new extreme thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. Archives of Microbiology 128:343–351
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Zeikus J. G. 1979; Thermophilic bacteria: ecology, physiology and technology. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 1:243–252
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Zeikus J. G. 1980; Chemical and fuel production by anaerobic bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology 34:423–464
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Zeikus J. G., Hegge P. W., Anderson M. A. 1979; Thermoanaerobium brockii gen. nov.and sp. nov, a new chemoorganotrophic, caldoactive, anaerobic bacterium. Archives of Microbiology 122:41–48
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Zeikus J. G., Ben-Bassat A., Hegge P. W. 1980; Microbiology of methanogenesis in thermal, volcanic environments. Journal of Bacteriology 143:432–440
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Zeikus J. G., Ben-Bassat A., Ng T. K., Lamed R. J. 1981; Thermophilic ethanol fermentations. In Trends in the Biology of Fermentations for Fuels and Chemicals pp. 397–420 Hollaender A. Edited by New York:: Plenum Press.;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-4-1149
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-129-4-1149
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error