Polyoxin D Inhibits Colloidal Gold–Wheat Germ Agglutinin Labelling of Chitin in Dimorphic Forms of Candida albicans

References

1. Bacon J. S. D. 1981; Nature and disposition of polysaccharides within the cell envelope. Yeast Cell Envelopes: Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Ultrastructure, In vol. I pp 65–84 editor Arnold W. N. Boca Raton: Florida: CRC Press;
   [Google Scholar]
2. Becker J. M., Covert N. L., Shenbagamurthi P., Steinfeld A. S., Naider F. 1983; Polyoxin D inhibits growth of zoopathogenic fungi. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 23:926–929
   [Google Scholar]
3. Bodey G. P., Fainstein V. 1985; Candidiasis.. New York: Raven Press;
   [Google Scholar]
4. Bowers B., Levin G. , Cabib E. 1974; Effect of polyoxin D on chitin synthesis and septum formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Journal of Bacteriology 119:564–575
   [Google Scholar]
5. Cabib E. 1975; Molecular aspects of yeast morphogenesis. Annual Review of Microbiology 29:191–214
   [Google Scholar]
6. Cabib E., Bowers B. 1971; Chitin and yeast budding. Localization of chitin in yeast bud scars.. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246:152–159
   [Google Scholar]
7. Cabib E., Bowers B. 1975; Timing and function of chitin synthesis in yeast. Journal of Bacteriology 124:1586–1593
   [Google Scholar]
8. Cabib E., Ulane R., Bowers B. 1974; A molecular model for morphogenesis: the primary septum of yeast. Current Topics in Cellular Regulation 8:1–32
   [Google Scholar]
9. Cassone A., Simonetti N., Strippoli V. 1973; Ultrastructural changes in the wall during germ-tube formation from blastospores of Candida albicans. Journal of General Microbiology 77:417–426
   [Google Scholar]
10. Cassone A., Mattia E., Boldrini L. 1978; Agglutination of blastospores of Candida albicans by Concanavalin A and its relationship with the distribution of mannan polymers and the ultrastructure of the cell wall. Journal of General Microbiology 105:263–273
    [Google Scholar]
11. Chattaway F. W., Holmes M. R., Barlow A. J. E. 1968; Cell wall composition of the mycelial and blastospore forms of Candida albicans. Journal of General Microbiology 51:367–376
    [Google Scholar]
12. Chattaway F. W., Shenolikar S., O’Reilly J., Barlow A. J. E. 1976; Changes in the cell surface of the dimorphic forms of Candida albicans by treatment with hydrolytic enzymes. Journal of General Microbiology 95:335–347
    [Google Scholar]
13. Djaczenko W., Cassone A. 1971; Visualization of new ultrastructural components in the cell wall of Candida albicans with fixatives containing TAPO. Journal of Cell Biology 52:186–190
    [Google Scholar]
14. Endo A., Kakiki K., Misato T. . 1970; Mechanism of action of the antifungal agent polyoxin D. . Journal of Bacteriology 104:189–196
    [Google Scholar]
15. Evron R., Drewe J. A. 1984; Demonstration of the polysaccharides in the cell wall of Candida albicans blastospores, using silver methenamine staining and a sequence of extraction procedures. Mycopathologia 84:141–149
    [Google Scholar]
16. FARKAS V. 1979; Biosynthesis of cell walls of fungi. Microbiological Reviews 43:117–144
    [Google Scholar]
17. Frens G. 1973; Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold suspensions. Nature Physical Sciences 241:20–22
    [Google Scholar]
18. Garrison R. G. 1981; Vegetative ultrastructure. Yeast Cell Envelopes: Biochemistry, Biophysics and Ultrastructure, In vol. II: pp 139–160 editor Arnold W. N. Boca Raton: Florida: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
19. Goldstein I. J., Hammarstrom S., Sundblad G. 1975; Precipitation and carbohydrate-binding specificity studies on wheat germ agglutinin. Biochi- mica et biophysica acta 405:53–61
    [Google Scholar]
20. Gooday G. W., Gow N. A. R. 1983; A model of the hyphal septum of Candida albicans. Experimental Mycology 7:370–373
    [Google Scholar]
21. Gow N. A. R., Gooday G. W. 1983; Ultrastruc- ture of chitin in hyphae of Candida albicans and other dimorphic and mycelial fungi. Protoplasma 115:52–58
    [Google Scholar]
22. Hayashibe M., Katohda S. 1973; Initiation of budding and chitin-ring. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 19:23–39
    [Google Scholar]
23. Hector R. F., Pappagianis D. 1983; Inhibition of chitin synthesis in the cell wall of Coccidioides immitis by polyoxin D. Journal of Bacteriology 154:488–498
    [Google Scholar]
24. Hori M., Kakiki K., Suzuki S., Misato T. 1971; Studies on the mode of action of polyoxins Part III. Relation of polyoxin structure to chitin synthetase inhibition. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 35:1280–1291
    [Google Scholar]
25. Horisberger M., Vonlanthen M. 1977; Location of mannan and chitin on thin sections of budding yeasts with gold markers. Archives of Microbiology 115:1–7
    [Google Scholar]
26. Hunsley D., Gooday G. W. 1974; The structure and development of septa in Neurospora crassa. Protoplasma 82:125–146
    [Google Scholar]
27. Isono K., Nagatsu J., Kobinata K., Sasaki K., Suzuki S. 1967; Studies on polyoxins, antifungal antibiotics. Part V. Isolation and characterization of polyoxins C, D, E, F, G, H, and I. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 31:190–199
    [Google Scholar]
28. Kreger-Van RIJ N. J. W., Veenhuis M. 1971; A comparative study of the cell wall structure of basidiomycetous and related yeasts. Journal of General Microbiology 68:87–95
    [Google Scholar]
29. Lee K. L., Buckley H. R., Campbell C. C. 1975; An amino acid liquid synthetic medium for the development of mycelial and yeast forms of Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 13:148–153
    [Google Scholar]
30. Maeda H., Ishida N. 1967; Specificity of binding of hexopyranosyl polysaccharides with fluorescent brightener. Journal of Biochemistry 62:276–278
    [Google Scholar]
31. Meunier-Carpentier F., Kiehn T. E., Armstrong D. 1981; Fungemia in the immunocompromised host. Changing patterns, antigenemia, high mortality. American Journal of Medicine 71:363–370
    [Google Scholar]
32. Mitchell L. H., Soll D. R. 1979; Commitment to germ tube or bud formation during release from stationary phase in Candida albicans. Experimental Cell Research 120:167–179
    [Google Scholar]
33. Molano J., Bowers B., Cabib E. 1980; Distribution of chitin in the yeast cell wall. An ultrastructural and chemical study. Journal of Cell Biology 85:199–212
    [Google Scholar]
34. Muzzarelli R. A. A. 1977; Chitin.. Oxford: Perga- mon Press;
    [Google Scholar]
35. Ohta N., Kakiki K., Misato T. 1970; Studies on the mode of action of polyoxin D. Part II. Effect of polyoxin D on the synthesis of fungal cell wall chitin. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 34:1224–1234
    [Google Scholar]
36. Persi M. A, Burnham J. C. 1981; Use of tannic acid as a fixative-mordant to improve the ultrastructural appearance of Candida albicans blastospores. Sabouraudia 19:1–8
    [Google Scholar]
37. Poulain D., Tronchin G., Dubremetz J. F., Biguet J. 1978; Ultrastructure of the cell wall of Candida albicans blastospores: study of its constitutive layers by the use of a cytochemical technique revealing polysaccharides. Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur) 129A:141–153
    [Google Scholar]
38. Poulain D., Tronchin G., Jouvert S., Herbaut J., Biguet J. 1981; Architecture parietale des blastospores de Candida albicans: localisation de composants chimiques et antigeniques. Annales de Microbiologie (Institut Pasteur) 132A:219–238
    [Google Scholar]
39. Roberts R. L., Bowers B., Slater M. L., Cabib E. 1983; Chitin synthesis and localization in cell division cycle mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology 3:922–930
    [Google Scholar]
40. Shannon J. L., Rothman A. H. 1971; Transverse septum formation in budding cells of the yeastlike fungus Candida albicans. Journal of Bacteriology 106:1026–1028
    [Google Scholar]
41. Shenbagamurthi P., Smith H. A., Becker J. M., Naider F. 1982; Purification of polyoxin D by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 245:133–137
    [Google Scholar]
42. Spurr A. R. 1969; A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 26:31–43
    [Google Scholar]
43. Tronchin G., Poulain D., Herbaut J., Biguet J. 1981; Localization of chitin in the cell wall of Candida albicans by means of wheat germ agglutinin. Fluorescence and ultrastructural studies. European Journal of Cell Biology 26:121–128
    [Google Scholar]
44. Venezia R. A., Lachapelle R. C. 1973; The use of ferritin-conjugated antibodies in the study of cell wall components of Candida albicans. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 19:1445–1448.
    [Google Scholar]
45. Sietsma J. H. 1981; Fungal cell walls: a survey. In Plant Carbohydrates II: Extracellular Carbohydrates, pp 352–394. editor Tanner W. , Loewus F. A. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;
    [Google Scholar]