1887

Abstract

Genes from the purine biosynthetic pathway were identified using purine auxotrophic mutants of obtained by Tn transposon mutagenesis. Two approaches were followed in parallel. The first consisted of the complementation of the purine auxotrophs using a H37Rv shuttle cosmid library. In the second approach, specific probes corresponding to the regions adjacent to the insertion sites of Tn in the genome were used to screen a plasmid library by colony hybridization for inserts carrying homologous DNA fragments. Nucleotide sequence analysis of two genes isolated by these methods revealed high similarities with and genes from other bacterial and fungal sources. Transcriptional start sites were mapped for both genes, which revealed similar −10 boxes but with a higher GC content than the σ consensus.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-142-9-2439
1996-09-01
2024-04-26
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/142/9/mic-142-9-2439.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-142-9-2439&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. M., Lipman D. J. 1990; Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403–410
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Andersen P. 1994; Effective vaccination of mice against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with a soluble mixture of secreted mycobacterial proteins. Infect Immun 62:2536–2544
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Averill L. E., Cavallo U., Wallis R. S., Boom W. H., Bona M., Mincek M., Pascopella L., Jacobs W. R., Ellner J. J. 1993; Screening of a cosmid library of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in Mycobacterium smegmatis for novel T-cell stimulatory antigens. Res Microbiol 144:349–362
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bachmann B. J. 1987; Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology pp. 807–876 Edited by Neidhart F. C. others Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Baselky V. S., Medina R. A., Parker C. D. 1979; In vivo and in vitro characterization of virulence deficient mutants of Vibrio choleras . Infect Immun 24:111–116
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bashyam M. D., Tyagi A. K. 1994; An efficient and high yielding method for isolation of RNA from mycobacteria. Bio-Techniques 17:834–836
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Baulard A., Jourdan C., Mercenier A., Locht C. 1992; Rapid mycobacterial plasmid analysis by electroduction between Mycobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli . Nucleic Acids Res 20:4105
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Berthet F. X., Rauzier J., Lim E. M., Philipp W., Gicquel B., Portnoï D. 1995; Characterization of the M. tuberculosis erp gene encoding a potential cell surface protein with repetitive structures. Microbiology 141:2123–2130
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bloom B. R., Murray C. J. L. 1992; Tuberculosis: commentary on a reemergent killer. Science 257:1055–1064
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Clark-Curtiss J. E. 1990; Genome structure of mycobacteria. In Molecular Biology of the Mycobacteria pp. 77–96 Edited by McFadden J. J. London: Surrey University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Collins F. M. 1993; Tuberculosis: the return of an old enemy. Crit Rep Microbiol 19:1–16
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Curtiss R. 1990; Attenuated Salmonella strains as live vectors for the expression of foreign antigens. In New Generation Vaccines pp. 161–188 Edited by Woodrow G. C., Levine M. M. New York & Basel: Marcel Dekker;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Dolin P. J., Raviglione M. C., Kochi A. 1994; Global tuber culosis incidence and mortality during 1990-2000. Bull WHO 72:213–220
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Drazek E. S., Houng H. S. H., Crawford R. M., Hadfield T. L., Hoover D. L., Warren R. L. 1995; Deletion of purE attenuates Brucella melitensis 16M for growth in human monocytc-derived macrophages. Infect Immun 63:3297–3301
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Ebbole D. J., Zalkin H. 1987; Cloning and characterization of a 12-gene cluster from Bacillus subtilis encoding nine enzymes for de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. J Biol Chem 262:8274–8287
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Ebbole D. J., Zalkin H. 1989a; Bacillus subtilis pur operon expression and regulation. J Bacteriol 171:2136–2141
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ebbole D. J., Zalkin H. 1989b; Interaction of a putative repressor protein with an extended control region of the Bacillus subtilis pur operon. J Biol Chem 264:3553–3561
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Fields P. I., Swanson R. V., Haidaris C. G., Heffron F. 1986; Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that cannot survive within the macrophage are avirulent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 835189–5193
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Guilhot C., Gicquel B., Martin C. 1992; Temperature-sensitive mutants of the Mycobacterium plasmid pAL5000. FEMS Microbiol Lett 98:181–186
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Guilhot G, Otal I., Van Rompaey I., Martin C., Gicquel B. 1994; Efficient transposition in mycobacteria: construction of Mycobacterium smegmatis insertional mutant libraries. J Bacteriol 176:535–539
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Gupta S. K. D., Bashyam M. D., Tyagi A. K. 1993; Cloning and assessment of mycobacterial promoters by using a plasmid shuttle vector. J Bacteriol 175:5186–5192
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Hatfull G. F. 1993; Genetic transformation of mycobacteria. Trends Microbiol 1:310–314
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Hoiseth S. K., Stocker B. A. D. 1981; Aromatic dependent Salmonella typhimurium are non-virulent and effective as live vaccines. Nature 291:238–239
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Husson R. N., James B. E., Young R. A. 1990; Gene re placement and expression of foreign DNA in mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 172:519–524
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Jacobs W. R., Tuckman R., Bloom B. R. 1987; Introduction of foreign DNA into mycobacteria using a shuttle phasmid. Nature 327:532–535
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Jacobs W. R., Kalpana G. V., Cirillo J. D., Pascopella L, Snapper S. B., Udani R. A., Jones W., Barletta R. G., Bloom B. R. 1991; Genetic systems for mycobacteria. Methods Enzymol 204:537–555
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Ji Y. E., Colston M. J., Cox R. A. 1994; Nucleotide sequence and secondary structures of precursor 16S rRNA of slow-growing mycobacteria. Microbiology 140:123–132
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Levine M. M., Herrington D., Murphy J. R., Morris J. G., Losonsky G., Tall B., Lindberg A. A., Svenson S., Baqar S., Edwards M. F., Stocker B. 1987; Safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, and in vivo stability of two attenuated strains of Salmonella typhi, 541Ty and 543Ty, as live vaccines in humans. J Clin Invest 79:888–902
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Martin C., Ranes M., Gicquel B. 1990; Plasmids, antibiotic resistance and mobile genetic elements in mycobacteria. In Molecular Biology of the Mycobacteria pp. 121–138 Edited by McFadden J. J. London: Surrey University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Myasnikov A. N., Sasnauskas K. V., Janulaitis A. A., Smirnov M. N. 1991; The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADE1 gene: structure, overexpression and possible regulation by general amino acid control. Gene 109:143–147
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Newman J. D., Diebold R. J., Schultz B. W., Noel K. D. D. 1994; Infection of soybean and pea nodules by Rhizobium spp. purine auxotrophs in the presence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside. J Bacteriol 1763286–3294
    [Google Scholar]
  32. O’Callaghan D., Masked D., Liew F. Y., Easmon C. S. F., Dougan G. 1988; Characterization of aromatic- and purine- dependent Salmonella typhimurium: attenuation, persistence, and ability to induce protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Infect Immun 56:419–423
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pardee A. P., Jacob F., Monod J. 1959; The genetic control and cytoplasmic expression of ‘ inducibility’ in the synthesis of γ-galactosidase and tryptophanase induction in Escherichia coli . J Mol Biol 1:656–664
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Reyrat J. M., Berthet F. X., Gicquel B. 1995; The urease locus of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its utilization for the demonstration of allelic exchange in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 928768–8772
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Rolfes R. J., Zalkin H. 1990; Purification of the Escherichia coli purine regulon repressor and identification of corepressors. J Bacteriol 172:5637–5642
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. 1989 Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory;
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sanderson K. E., Hurley J. A. 1987; Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium . In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology pp. 877–918 Edited by Neidhart F. C. others Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. 1977; DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 745463–5467
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sasnauskas K., Jomantiene R., Geneviciute E., Januska A., Lebedys J. 1991; Molecular cloning of the Candida maltosa ADE1 gene. Gene 107:161–164
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Schendel F. J., Mueller E., Stubbe J., Schiau A., Smith J. M. 1989; Formylglycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase from Escherichia coli: cloning, sequencing, overproduction, isolation and characterization. Biochemistry 28:2459–2471
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Snapper S. B., Melton R. E., Mustafa S., Kieser T., Jacobs W. R. 1990; Isolation and characterization of efficient plasmid transformation mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis . Mol Microbiol 4:1911–1919
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Southern E. M. 1975; Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98:503–517
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Steenken W., Gardner L. U. 1946; History of H37 strain of tubercle bacillus. Am Rev Tuberc 54:62–66
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Tiedemann A. A., Demarini D. J., Parker J., Smith J. M. 1990; DNA sequence of the purC gene encoding 5´-phosphoribosyl-5-arninoimidazole-4-N-succinocarboxamide synthetase and organization of the dapA-purC region of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 172:6035–6041
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Timm J., Lim E. M., Gicquel B. 1994a; Escherichia coli-mycobacteria shuttle vectors for operon and gene fusions to lacZ: the pjEM series. J Bacteriol 176:6749–6753
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Timm J., Perilli M. G., Duez C., Trias J., Orefici G., Fattorini L., Amicosante G., Oratore A., Joris B., Frère J. M., Pugsley A. P., Gizquel B. 1994b; Transcription and expression analysis, using lacZ and phoA gene fusions, of Mycobacterium fortuitum β-lactamase genes cloned from a natural isolate and a high-level β-lactamase producer. Mol Microbiol 12:491–504
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Young D., Garbe T., Lathigra R., Abou-Zeid C. 1990; Protein antigens: structure, function and regulation. In Molecular Biology of the Mycobacteria pp. 1–35 Edited by McFadden J. J. London: Surrey University Press;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-142-9-2439
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-142-9-2439
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error