@article{mbs:/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-3-3-434, author = "Klieneberger-Nobel, Emmy", title = "Oriǵin, Development and Significance of L-forms in Bacterial Cultures", journal= "Microbiology", year = "1949", volume = "3", number = "3", pages = "434-443", doi = "https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-3-3-434", url = "https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-3-3-434", publisher = "Microbiology Society", issn = "1465-2080", type = "Journal Article", abstract = "SUMMARY: Several Gram-negative bacteria produce pleuropneumonia-like (L-) forms, some under ordinary cultural conditions, others only when exposed to abnormal ones. The formation of these bodies starts with the production of small nuclear elements surrounded with a thin cytoplasmic layer; these elements fuse with neighbouring elements and the L-body is complete. Whereas some L-strains reproduce themselves indefinitely, others revert to the bacterial form. Thus the bacterial and the L-forms are now regarded as two different generations of the same organism and my symbiosis theory is abandoned.", }