1887

Abstract

SUMMARY

The sequence of flagellar development accompanying differentiation during multiplication in a plate culture of was investigated with the electron microscope and the negative-staining technique; the sequence of development can best be seen from the electron micrographs. The first flagella were produced towards the end of the first hour, and increased to a peak at about 6 hr and then decreased. The bacteria changed from coccoid to rod-shaped to elongated forms; the latter measured up to 80 μ, in length and were equipped with several thousand flagella. On the basis of measurements of flagellar complement, the elongated forms (or swarmers) can be regarded as ‘flagellin-factories’. The fine structure of both flagella and fimbriae was examined and several new features were seen, in particular certain structures at the bases of both appendages. The diameter of Proteus fimbriae was found to be about 40 Å.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-40-1-29
1965-07-01
2024-04-19
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/40/1/mic-40-1-29.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-40-1-29&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abram D. , Vatter A. E, Koffler H. 1964a; Fine structure of bacterial flagella. Abstr. Biophys. Soc. WC 5:
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Abram D., Vatter A. E., Koffler H. 1964b; Some specialized structures of bacterial flagella. Bad. Proc. G68
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Astbury W. T., Beighton E., Weibuix C. 1955; The structure of bacterial flagella. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 9282
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Astbury W. T., Weibuix C. 1949; X-ray diffraction study of the structure of bacterial flagella. Nature Lond: 163280
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bisset K. A. 1951; The development of surface structures in dividing bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol. 5:155
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bisset K. A., Hale C. M. F. 1951; The development of bacterial flagella in the germinating microcyst. J. gen. Microbiol 5:150
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brinton C. C. 1959; Non-flagellar appendages of bacteria. Nature Lond 183:782
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Brinton C. C. 1965; Studies on bacterial pili. III. Electron microscopic and crystallo-graphic evidence for a helical fine structure. J. molec. Biol. (in the Press)
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Brinton C. C., Stone M. J. 1961; Chemical composition of bacterial pili—a fibrous protein. Bact. Proc. G96
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Chung K. L., Hawirko R. Z., Isaac P. K. 1964; Cell wall replication. II. Cell wall growth and cross wall formation of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis . Can. J. Microbiol. 10:473
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Coetzee J. N., Pernet G., Theron J. J. 1962; Fimbriae and haemagglutinating properties in strains of Proteus . Nature Lond: 196497
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Cole R. M. 1964; Cell wall replication in Salmonella typhosa . Science 143:820
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Cole R. M., Hahn J. J. 1962; Cell wall replication in Streptococcus pyogenes . Science 135:722
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Duguid J. P. 1959; Fimbriae and adhesive properties in Klebsiella strains. J.gen. Microbiol. 21:271
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Duguid J. P., Gillies R. R. 1958; Fimbriae and haemagglutinating activity in Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus and Chromobacterium. J. Path. Bact. 75:519
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Glauert A. M., Kerridge D., Horne R. W. 1963; The fine structure and mode of attachment of the sheathed fiagellum of Vibrio metchnikovii . J. Cell Biol. 18:327
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Hoeniger J. F. M. 1964; Cellular changes accompanying the swarming of Proteus mirabilis. I. Observations of living cultures. Can. J. Microbiol 10:1
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Hoeniger J. F. M. 1965; Cellular changes accompanying the swarming of Proteus mirabilis. II. Observations of stained organisms. Can. J. Microbiol. (in the Press)
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Houwink A. L. 1953; A macromolecular mono-layer in the cell wall of Spirillum spec. Biochim. biophys. Acta 10:360
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Houwink A. L., van Iterson W. 1950; Electron microscopical observations on bacterial cytology. II. A study of flagellation. Biochim. biophys. Acta 5:10
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hughes W. H. 1957; A reconsideration of the swarming of Proteus vulgaris . J. gen. Microbiol. 17:49
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kerridge D., Horne R. W., Glauert A. M. 1962; Structural components of flagella from Salmonella typhimurium . J. molec. Biol. 4:227
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kobayashi T., Rinker J. N., Koffler H. 1959; Purification and chemical properties of flagellin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 84:342
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kvittingen J. 1949; Studies of the life-cycle of Proteus Hauser. Part I. Ada path. microbiol. scand 26:24
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lederberg J., St. Clair J. 1958; Protoplasts and L-type growth of Escherichia coli . J. Bad. 75:143
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Leifson E. 1960 Atlas of Bacterial Flagellation New York: Academic Press, Inc;
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Leifson E., Carhart S. R., Fulton M. 1955; Morphological characteristics of flagella of Proteus and related bacteria. J. Bact. 69:73
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Lominski I., Lendrum A. C. 1947; The mechanism of swarming of Proteus. J. Path. Bact. 59:688
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Lowy J., Hanson J. 1964; Structure of bacterial flagella. Nature Lond: 202538
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Maccacaro G. A., Titrri M. 1959; Studi sulle flmbrie batteriche. V. Sferoplasti fimbriati. Giorn. Microbiol 7:69
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Mackie and McCartney’s Handbook of Bacteriology; 1960, 10. Cruick-shank R. 214 621 Edinburgh: E. and S. Livingstone Ltd;
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Martin H. H. 1963; Zusammensetzung der Stutzmembran in der Zellwand von nor-malen Zellen und Penicillin-Spharoplasten von Proteus mirabilis . Zbl. Bakt. (1. Abt. Orig.) 191:409
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Murray R. G. E. 1963; On the cell wall structure of Spirillum serpens . Can. J. Microbiol 9:381
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Murray R. G. E., Birch-Andersen A. 1963; Specialized structure in the region of the flagella tuft in Spirillum serpens . Can. J. Microbiol 9:393
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Pijper A., Neser M. L., Abraham G. 1956; The wavelengths of helical bacterial flagella. J. gen. Microbiol 14:371
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Preusser H. J. 1958; Licht—und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen iiber die Begeisselung von Proteus vulgaris . Arch. Mikrobiol 29:1
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Reichert K. 1909; Über die Sichtbarmachung der Geisseln und die Geisselbewegungder Bakterien. Zbl. Bakt. (1. AM. Orig.) 51:14
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Robinow C. F. 1960; Outline of the visible organization of bacteria. In The Cell Bracket J., Mirsky A. E. iv45 New York: Academic Press, Inc;
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Rogers G. E., Filshie B. K. 1963; Some aspects of the ultrastructure of a-keratin bacterial flagella, and feather keratin. In Ultrastructure of Protein Fibres Borasky R. 123 New York: Academic Press, Inc;
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Russ-Münzer A. 1935; Das Schwärmphanomen bei Bacillus proteus . Zbl. Bakt.(1. Abt. Orig.) 133:214
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Shedden W. I. H. 1962; Fimbriae and haemagglutinating activity in strains of Proteus hauseri . J. gen. Microbiol 28:1
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Stocker B. A. D., Campbell J. C. 1959; The effect of non-lethal deflagellation on bacterial motility and observations on flagellar regeneration. J. gen. Microbiol 20:670
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Thornley M. J., Horne R. W. 1962; Electron microscope observations on the structure of fimbriae, with particular reference to Klebsiella strains, by the use of the negative staining technique. J. gen. Microbiol 28:51
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Tulloch W. J. 1939; Observations concerning bacillary food infection in Dundeeduring the period 1923–38. J. Hyg., Camb 39:324
    [Google Scholar]
  45. van Iterson W. 1953; Some remarks on the present state of our knowledge of bacterial flagellation. In Bacterial Cytology, Symp. 6th int. Congr. Microbiol24
    [Google Scholar]
  46. van Iterson W. 1954; Some thoughts on the possible relationship of bacterial flagella to cilia and flagella in other organisms. Proc. int. Conf.Electron MicroscopyLond.602
    [Google Scholar]
  47. van Iterson W., Leene W. 1964; A cytochemical localization of reductive sites in a gram-negative bacterium. Tellurite reduction in Proteus vulgaris . J. Cell Biol. 20:377
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Weibull C. 1949; Chemical and physico-chemical properties of the flagella of Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. A comparison. Biochim. biophys. Acta 3:378
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Weibull C. 1950; Investigations on bacterial flagella. Acta chem. scand 4:268
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-40-1-29
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-40-1-29
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error