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Volume 162, Issue 8

Editor's Choice Dissecting the regulation of bile-induced biofilm formation in Free

Abstract

Aspiration of bile into the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung has emerged as a prognostic factor for reduced microbial lung biodiversity and the establishment of often fatal, chronic pathogen infections. is one of the earliest pathogens detected in the lungs of children with CF, and once established as a chronic infection, strategies for its eradication become limited. Several lung pathogens are stimulated to produce biofilms in the presence of bile. In this study, we further investigated the effects of bile on biofilm formation. Most clinical strains and the laboratory strain RN4220 were stimulated to form biofilms with sub-inhibitory concentrations of bovine bile. Additionally, we observed bile-induced sensitivity to aminoglycosides, which we exploited in a transposon screen to isolate mutants reduced in aminoglycoside sensitivity and augmented in bile-induced biofilm formation. We identified five mutants that exhibited hypersensitivity to bile with respect to bile-induced biofilm formation, three of which carried transposon insertions within gene clusters involved in wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis or transport. Strain TM4 carried an insertion between the divergently oriented and genes, which encode the putative WTA membrane translocation apparatus. Ectopic expression of in TM4 restored a wild-type bile-induced biofilm response, suggesting that reduced translocation of WTA in TM4 induced sensitivity to bile and enhanced the bile-induced biofilm formation response. We propose that WTA may be important for protecting against exposure to bile and that bile-induced biofilm formation may be an evolved response to protect cells from bile-induced cell lysis.

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): bile , biofilm , gastro-esophageal reflux and Staphylococcus
© 2016 The Authors
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2016-08-01
2024-04-19
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Dissecting the regulation of bile-induced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus
Microbiology 162, 1398 (2016); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000317
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000317
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.000317
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