1887

Abstract

IncP plasmids are important contributors to bacterial adaptation. Their phenotypic diversity is due largely to accessory regions located in one or two specific parts of the plasmid. The accessory regions are themselves diverse, as judged from sequenced plasmids mostly isolated from non-clinical sources. To further understand the diversity, evolutionary history and functional attributes of the accessory regions, we compared R906 and R772, focusing on the accessory region. These IncPβ plasmids were from porcine and clinical sources, respectively. We found that the accessory regions formed potentially mobile elements, Tn (from R906) and Tn (from R772), that differed internally but had identical borders. Both elements appeared to have evolved from a Tn-like transposon that had inserted into an ancestral IncPβ plasmid and then accrued additional transposable elements and genes from various proteobacteria. Structural comparisons suggested that Tn (and a descendent in pB10), Tn and the element in pJP4 represent three lineages that evolved from the same widely dispersed IncPβ carrier. Functional studies on Tn revealed that its module is inactive due to a mutation, and that its region is prone to deletion. More significantly, we showed that by providing a suitable transposase gene , the defective Tn and Tn could transpose intact or in part, and could also generate new elements (stable cointegrates and novel transposons). The ingredients for assisted transposition events similar to those observed here occur in natural microcosms, providing non-self-mobile elements with avenues for dispersal to new replicons and for structural diversification. This work provides an experimental demonstration of how the complex embedded elements uncovered in IncP plasmids and in other plasmid families may have been generated.

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2011-06-01
2024-03-28
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