RT Journal Article SR Electronic(1) A1 Tanabe, Tomotaka A1 Funahashi, Tatsuya A1 Shiuchi, Keiichi A1 Okajima, Noriyuki A1 Nakao, Hiroshi A1 Miyamoto, Katsushiro A1 Tsujibo, Hiroshi A1 Yamamoto, ShigeoYR 2012 T1 Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus genes encoding the systems for utilization of enterobactin as a xenosiderophore JF Microbiology, VO 158 IS 8 SP 2039 OP 2049 DO https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.059568-0 PB Microbiology Society, SN 1465-2080, AB We determined the ability of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to utilize enterobactin (Ent) as a xenosiderophore. Homology searches of the V. parahaemolyticus genomic sequence revealed the presence of genes that are homologous to the V. cholerae ferric Ent utilization genes, which consist of the iron-repressible outer-membrane protein genes irgA and vctA, and the ATP-binding cassette transport system operon vctPDGC. Moreover, the irgB and vctR genes, which encode transcriptional regulators, were also found immediately upstream of irgA and vctA, respectively. Growth assays of V. parahaemolyticus indicated that both irgA and vctA mutants grew well in the presence of Ent under iron-limiting conditions, whereas both the irgA/vctA double mutant and the vctPDGC mutant barely grew under the same conditions. In addition, growth assays of three isogenic tonB mutants demonstrated that the TonB2 system, and to a lesser extent the TonB1 system, can provide energy for both IrgA and VctA to transport ferric Ent. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that expression of both IrgA and VctA was enhanced by the presence of Ent. Complementation of the irgB and vctR mutants with their respective genes resulted in the increased expression of IrgA and VctA, respectively. Finally, reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR revealed that transcription of the Ent utilization system genes is iron-regulated, and that transcription of irgA and vctA under iron-limiting conditions is further activated by proteins encoded by irgB and vctR, respectively, together with Ent., UL https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.059568-0