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Volume 149, Issue 9

-induced necrosis and apoptosis of U937 cells and J774 macrophages Free

Abstract

It is currently unclear whether kills its phagocytic host cells by apoptosis or necrosis. This study shows that rapid necrosis ensues in macrophage-like cell lines (U937 cells differentiated by all--retinoic acid and J774 cells) infected with the strain YSH6000. The infected cells rapidly lose membrane integrity, a typical feature of necrosis, as indicated by the release of the cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) associated with the rapid uptake of propidium iodide (PI). The infected cells exhibit DNA fragmentation without nuclear condensation, and substantial involvement of either caspase-3/-7 or caspase-1 was not detected, which is also contrary to what is normally observed in apoptosis. Cytochalasin D potently inhibited -induced cell death, indicating that only internalized can cause necrosis. Osmoprotectants such as polyethylene glycols could suppress cell death, suggesting that insertion of a pore by into the host cell membrane induces the necrosis. The pore was estimated to be 2·87±0·4 nm in diameter. was also found to be able to induce apoptosis but only in one of the lines tested and under specific conditions, namely U937 cells differentiated with interferon- (U937IFN). Caspase-3/-7 but not caspase-1 activation was observed in these infected cells and the exposure of PS occurred without the uptake of PI. An avirulent strain, wild-type killed with gentamicin, and even strain JM109, could also induce apoptosis in U937IFN cells, and cytochalasin D could not prevent apoptosis. It appears therefore that -induced apoptosis of U937IFN cells is unrelated to pathogenicity and does not require bacterial internalization. Thus, can induce rapid necrosis of macrophage-like cells in a virulence-related manner by forming pores in the host cell membrane while some cells can be killed through apoptosis in a virulence-independent fashion.

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Keyword(s): Ac-DEVD-CHO, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde , Ac-DEVD-MCA, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide , Ac-WEHD-MCA, acetyl-Trp-Glu-His-Asp-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide , Ac-YVKD-CHO, acetyl-Tyr-Val-Lys-Asp-aldehyde , AMC, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin , Gm, gentamicin , IFN, interferon-γ , PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase , PI, propidium iodide , PS, phosphatidylserine , RA, all-trans retinoic acid , RBC, red blood cell , stsp, staurosporine , TBS, Tris-buffered saline , TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling and Z-VAD-fmk, carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone
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2003-09-01
2024-04-23
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Shigella-induced necrosis and apoptosis of U937 cells and J774 macrophages
Microbiology 149, 2513 (2003); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26341-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.26341-0
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