ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles
Journal of General Virology ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles are a freely available series of concise, review-type articles that provide overviews of the classification, structure and properties of individual virus orders, families and genera.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profiles are written by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) study groups, comprised of leading experts in the field. The profiles summarise the individual chapters from the ICTV’s online 10th Report on Virus Taxonomy, and provide the latest taxonomic information on viruses.
The Microbiology Society is publishing these citable profiles online, while the full chapters are available to all through the ICTV website, thanks to a five-year Biomedical Resources grant from the Wellcome Trust.
Collection Contents
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Fusariviridae 2024
Fusariviridae is a family of mono-segmented, positive-sense RNA viruses with genome sizes of 5.9–10.7 kb. Most genomic RNAs are bicistronic, but exceptions have up to four predicted ORFs. In bicistronic genomes, the 5′-proximal ORF codes for a single protein with both RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and RNA helicase (Hel) domains; little is known about the protein encoded by the second ORF. Fusarivirids do not appear to form virions. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Fusariviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/fusariviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hantaviridae 2024
Hantaviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 10.5–14.6 kb. These viruses are maintained in and/or transmitted by fish, reptiles, and mammals. Several orthohantaviruses can infect humans, causing mild, severe, and sometimes-fatal diseases. Hantavirids produce enveloped virions containing three single-stranded RNA segments with open reading frames that encode a nucleoprotein (N), a glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hantaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/hantaviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nairoviridae 2024
Nairoviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 17.2–21.1 kb. These viruses are maintained in and/or transmitted by arthropods among birds, reptiles and mammals. Norwaviruses and orthonairoviruses can cause febrile illness in humans. Several orthonairoviruses can infect mammals, causing mild, severe and sometimes, fatal diseases. Nairovirids produce enveloped virions containing two or three single-stranded RNA segments with open reading frames that encode a nucleoprotein (N), sometimes a glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Nairoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/nairoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Filoviridae 2024
Filoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 13.1–20.9 kb that infect fish, mammals and reptiles. The filovirid genome is a linear, non-segmented RNA with five canonical open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a polymerase cofactor (VP35), a glycoprotein (GP1,2), a transcriptional activator (VP30) and a large protein (L) containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. All filovirid genomes encode additional proteins that vary among genera. Several filovirids (e.g., Ebola virus, Marburg virus) are pathogenic for humans and highly virulent. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Filoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/filoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Kolmioviridae 2024
Kolmioviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with circular, viroid-like genomes of about 1.5–1.7 kb that are maintained in mammals, amphibians, birds, fish, insects and reptiles. Deltaviruses, for instance, can cause severe hepatitis in humans. Kolmiovirids encode delta antigen (DAg) and replicate using host-cell DNA-directed RNA polymerase II and ribozymes encoded in their genome and antigenome. They require evolutionary unrelated helper viruses to provide envelopes and incorporate helper virus proteins for infectious particle formation. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Kolmioviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/kolmioviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Cruliviridae 2023
Cruliviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 10.8–11.5 kb that have been found in crustaceans. The crulivirid genome consists of three RNA segments with ORFs that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and in some family members, a zinc-finger (Z) protein of unknown function. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Cruliviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/cruliviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Discoviridae 2023
Discoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 6.2–9.7 kb that have been associated with fungi and stramenopiles. The discovirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a nonstructural protein (Ns), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Discoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/discoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Jingchuvirales 2023
Jingchuvirales is an order of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 9.1–15.3 kb that have been associated with arachnids, barnacles, crustaceans, insects, fish and reptiles in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. The jingchuviral genome has two to four open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a glycoprotein (GP), a nucleoprotein (NP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and/or proteins of unknown function. Viruses in the order are only known from their genome sequences. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the order Jingchuvirales and on the families Aliusviridae, Chuviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae and Natareviridae, which are available at ictv.global/report/jingchuvirales, ictv.global/report/aliusviridae, ictv.global/report/chuviridae, ictv.global/report/crepuscuviridae, ictv.global/report/myriaviridae and ictv.global/report/natareviridae, respectively.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Leishbuviridae 2023
Leishbuviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 8.0 kb that have been found in protists. The leishbuvirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Leishbuviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/leishbuviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Mypoviridae 2023
Mypoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 16.0 kb that have been found in myriapods. The mypovirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Mypoviridae, which is available at: ictv.global/report/mypoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Tulasviridae 2023
Tulasviridae is a family of ambisense RNA viruses with genomes of about 12.2 kb that have been found in fungi. The tulasvirid genome is nonsegmented and contains three open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain, and a protein of unknown function (X). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Tulasviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/tulasviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Wupedeviridae 2023
Wupedeviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 20.5 kb that have been found in myriapods. The wupedevirid genome consists of three monocistronic RNA segments with open reading frames (ORFs) that encode a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Wupedeviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/wupedeviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Aoguangviridae 2023
More LessThe family Aoguangviridae includes dsDNA viruses that have been associated with marine archaea. Currently, members of this virus family are known through metagenomics. Virions are predicted to consist of an icosahedral capsid and a helical tail, characteristic of members in the class Caudoviricetes. Aoguangviruses have some of the largest genomes among archaeal viruses and possess most of the components of the DNA replication machinery as well as auxiliary functions. The family Aoguangviridae includes the species Aobingvirus yangshanense. Many unclassified relatives of this virus group, referred to as ‘magroviruses’, have been discovered by metagenomics in globally distributed marine samples. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Aoguangviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/aoguangviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Amnoonviridae 2023
More LessAmnoonviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes totalling about 10.3 kb. These viruses have been found in fish. The amnoonvirid genome consists of 10 segments, each with at least 1 open reading frame (ORF). The RNA1–3 ORFs encode the three subunits of the viral polymerase. The RNA4 ORF encodes a nucleoprotein. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Amnoonviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/amnoonviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Qinviridae 2023
More LessQinviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 7.3–8.2 kb that have been associated with crustaceans, insects, gastropods, and nematodes. The qinvirid genome consists of two segments, each with at least one open reading frame (ORF). The large (L) segment ORF encodes a large protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. The small (S) segment ORF encodes a nucleocapsid protein. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Qinviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/qinviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Tosoviridae 2023
More LessTosoviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes totaling about 12.3 kb that have been found in turtles. The tosovirid genome consists of two segments, each with two open reading frames (ORFs) in ambisense orientation. The small (S) segment encodes a nucleoprotein (NP) and a glycoprotein precursor (GPC); the large (L) segment encodes an L protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain and a zinc-binding (Z) protein. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Tosoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/tosoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Xinmoviridae 2023
More LessXinmoviridae is a family of viruses with negative-sense RNA genomes of 9–14 kilobases. Xinmovirids typically infect beneficial and pest insects but their host range has not yet been investigated systematically and hence may be broader. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family of Xinmoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/xinmoviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Yueviridae 2023
More LessYueviridae is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of 7.8–8.2 kb that have been associated with crustaceans, insects, stramenopiles and plants. The yuevirid genome consist of two segments, each with at least one ORF. The large (L) segment ORF encodes a large protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase domain. The small (S) segment ORF encodes a nucleocapsid protein. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Yueviridae, which is available at http://www.ictv.global/report/yueviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Arenaviridae 2023
Arenaviridae is a family for ambisense RNA viruses with genomes of about 10.5 kb that infect mammals, snakes, and fish. The arenavirid genome consists of two or three single-stranded RNA segments and encodes a nucleoprotein (NP), a glycoprotein (GP) and a large (L) protein containing RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains; some arenavirids encode a zinc-binding protein (Z). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Arenaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/arenaviridae.
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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Phenuiviridae 2023
The family Phenuiviridae comprises viruses with 2–8 segments of negative-sense or ambisense RNA, comprising 8.1–25.1 kb in total. Virions are typically enveloped with spherical or pleomorphic morphology but can also be non-enveloped filaments. Phenuivirids infect animals including livestock and humans, birds, plants or fungi, as well as arthropods that serve as single hosts or act as biological vectors for transmission to animals or plants. Phenuivirids include important pathogens of humans, livestock, seafood and agricultural crops. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Phenuiviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/phenuiviridae.
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