1887

Abstract

Three stilbene phytoalexins, elicited by slicing and incubating imbibed peanut kernels under aerobic conditions, inhibited spore germination and hyphal extension of with ED values in the range 4·9–12·8 μg ml. Phytoalexin yield was dependent on cultivar, conditions and duration of incubation after slicing, and crop history. The yield of phytoalexin from ten cultivars studied, after slicing and incubating at 25 °C for 24 h, ranged from 28 to 935 μg per g fresh weight and was negatively correlated with dry kernel colonization by [ = –0·868 when plotted as In (phytoalexin concn) against In (percentage peanut colonization)]. When the incubation period was extended to 96 h there was no such correlation. Reduced phytoalexin yields were obtained when sliced kernels of one cultivar studied were incubated in water or at 37 °C, and no phytoalexin was obtained when the slices were incubated under nitrogen gas or frozen before aerobic incubation. Drought stress during pod development in four cultivars studied reduced phytoalexin yields of sliced kernels incubated at 25 °C for 24 h by 17–65% compared with non-stressed controls.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-131-3-487
1985-03-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/131/3/mic-131-3-487.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-131-3-487&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Aguamah G. E., Lancake P., Leworthy D. P., Page J. A., Pryce R. J., Strange R. N. 1981; Two novel stilbene phytoalexins from Arachis hypogaea . Phytochemistry 20:1381–1383
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Amaya F. J., Young C. T., Norden A. J., Mixon A. C. 1980; Chemical screening for Aspergillus flavus resistance in peanuts. Oléagineux 35:255–259
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ashworth L. J., Langley B. C. 1964; The relationship of pod damage to kernel damage by molds in Spanish peanuts. Plant Disease Reporter 48:875–878
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bailey J. A., Rowell P. M., Arnold G. M. 1980; The temporal relationship between infected cell death, phytoalexin accumulation and inhibition of hyphal development during the resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . Physiological Plant Pathology 17:329–339
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Dickens J. W., Khalsa J. S. 1967; Windrow orientation and harvesting damage to peanuts. Oléagineux 22:741–746
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Glueck J. A., Clark L. E., Smith O. D. 1977; Testa comparisons of four peanut cultivars. Crop Science 17:777–782
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Griffin G. J., Garren K. H. 1976; Colonisation of rye green manure and peanut fruit debris by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger group in field soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 32:28–32
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Heathcote J. G., Hibbert J. R. 1978a; Production of aflatoxins. In Developments in Food Science. I. Aflatoxins: Chemical and Biological Aspects16–29 Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co;
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Heathcote J. G., Hibbert J. R. 1978b; Pathological effects. In Developments in Food Science. 1. Aflatoxins: Chemical and Biological Aspects83–111 Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Hendrickse R. G., Coulter J. B. S., Lamplugh S. M., Macfarlane S. B. J., Williams T. E., Omer M. I. A., Suliman G. I. 1982; Aflatoxins and kwashiorkor – a study in Sudanese children. British Medical Journal 285:843–846
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Hill R. A., Blankenship P. D., Cole R. J., Sanders T. H. 1983; Effects of soil moisture and temperature on pre-harvest invasion of peanuts by the Aspergillus flavus group and subsequent aflatoxin development. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45:628–633
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Hiscocks E. S. 1965; The importance of molds in the deterioration of tropical foods and feedstuffs. In Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs15–26 Wogan G. N. Cambridge Mass.: M.I.T. Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Joffe A. Z. 1969; Relationships between Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and some other fungi in the mycoflora of groundnut kernels. Plant and Soil 31:57–64
    [Google Scholar]
  14. La Prade J. C., Bartz J. A. 1972; Mechanical resistance of selected genotypes of dried peanuts to colonisation by strains of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus species. Phytopathology 62:711
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Mcdonald D., Harkness C. 1967; Aflatoxin in the groundnut crop at harvest in Northern Nigeria. Tropical Science 9:148–161
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Mehan V. K., Mcdonald D., Nigam S. N., Lalitha B. 1981; Groundnut cultivars with seed resistant to invasion by Aspergillus flavus . Oléagineux 36:501–505
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Minton N. A., Jackson C. R. 1967; Invasion of peanut pods by Aspergillus flavus and other fungi in the presence of root-knot nematodes. Oléagineux 22:543–546
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mixon A. C. 1981; Reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanut genotypes by selection and breeding. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 58:961–966
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Pettit R. E., Taber R. A. 1968; Factors influencing aflatoxin accumulation in peanut and associated mycoflora. Applied Microbiology 16:1230–1237
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Pettit R. E., Taber R. A., Schroeder H. W., Harrison A. L. 1971; Influence of fungicides and irrigation practice on aflatoxin inpeanuts before digging. Applied Microbiology 22:629–634
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Rossall S., Mansfield J. W. 1978; The activity of wyerone acid against Botrytis . Annals of Applied Biology 89:359–362
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Sanders T. H., Hill R. A., Cole R. J., Blankenship P. D. 1981; Effect of drought on occurrence of Aspergillus flavus in maturing peanuts. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 58:966–970
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Vogel H. J. 1956; A convenient growth medium for Neurospora (medium N). Microbial Genetics Bulletin 13:42–43
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Waliyar P. F., Abadie M. 1978; Ultrastructure detégument séminal de quelques variétés d’arachide. Annales des sciences naturelles (Botanique) 19:267–282
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Williams R. J., Mcdonald D. 1983; Grain molds in the tropics; problems and importance. Annual Review of Phytopathology 21:153–178
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Wogan G. N. 1966; Chemical nature and biological effects of the aflatoxins. Bacteriological Reviews 30:460–468
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Wogan G. N., Pong R. S. 1970; Aflatoxins. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 174:623–635
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Yoshikawa M., Yamachui K., Masago H. 1978; Glyceollin: its role in restricting fungal growth in resistant soybean hypocotyls infected with Phytophthora megasperma var sojae . Physiological Plant Pathology 12:73–82
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Zambettakis C. 1983; Results of research on selected groundnut hybrids to limit Aspergillus flavus infection. Comptes rendus des séances de I’Académie d’agriculture de France 69:44–50
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Zambettakis C., Bockelee-Morvan A. 1976; Research on the structure of the seed tegument of groundnut and its effect on the penetration of Aspergillus flavus . Oléagineux 31:219–228
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-131-3-487
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-131-3-487
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error