1887

Abstract

The response of the yeast to a reduction in water activity ( ) from 0·998 to 0·925 (adjusted with glucose or NaCl) was monitored. Natural abundance 1C NMR spectroscopy and HPLC analysis revealed that the type of carbon source determined which polyols were present intracellularly at 0·998 . At 0·95 (NaCl), glycerol was accumulated in all instances irrespective of the type of carbon source indicating the primary role of glycerol in osmoregulation. The carbon source had a bearing only on which other polyol(s) were accumulated. During growth on glucose at 0·95 (NaCl or glucose), glycerol was accumulated intracellularly in the exponential growth phase with a concentration ratio (intra-/extracellular) as high as 10000-fold whereas during the stationary phase arabitol accumulation occurred to a lower concentration ratio while the glycerol concentration decreased. The specific growth rate and cell volume decreased with increasing NaCl or glucose concentrations. This indicated that the yeast had no specific requirement for these compounds for optimum growth but tolerated high concentrations. Reducing the to 0·95 resulted in increasing intracellular concentrations of glycerol and arabitol whereas below 0·95 (NaCl or glucose), the intracellular polyol concentration decreased while the polyol concentration ratios across the cell membrane increased. During the early exponential growth phase at 0·95 , glycerol was accumulated in sufficiently high concentrations to achieve an osmotic balance across the membrane whereas in the stationary phase the arabitol and glycerol concentration was insufficient to maintain the osmotic balance.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3505
1989-12-01
2024-05-11
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/135/12/mic-135-12-3505.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3505&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Adler L., Gustafsson L. 1980; Polyhydric alcohol production and intracellular amino acid pool in relation to halotolerance of the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii.. Archives of Microbiology 126:123–130
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Adler L., Blomberg A., Nilsson A. 1985; Glycerol metabolism and osmoregulation in salttolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Journal of Bacteriology 162:300–306
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barnett J. A., Payne R. W., Yarrow D. 1983 Yeasts: Characteristics and Identification. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge Univerity Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Beever R. E., Laracy E. P. 1986; Osmotic adjustment in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Journal of Bacteriology 168:1358–1365
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Brown A. D. 1978; Compatible solutes and extreme water stress in eukaryotic microorganisms. Advances in Microbial Physiology 17:181–242
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Brown A. D., Mackenzie K. F., Singh K. K. 1986; Selected aspects of microbial osmoregulation. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 39:31–36
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chirife J., Favetto G., Ferrofontan C. 1984; Microbial growth at reduced water activities: some physicochemical properties of compatible solutes. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 56:259–268
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Edgley M., Brown A. D. 1978; Response of xerotolerant and non-tolerant yeasts to water stress. Journal of General Microbiology 104:343–345
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hocking A. D., Norton R. S. 1983; Natural-abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the internal solutes of xerophilic fungi. Journal of General Microbiology 129:2915–2925
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Larsen P. I., Sydres L. K., Landfald B., Strom A. R. 1987; Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli by accumulation of organic osmolytes: betaines, glutamic acid and trehalose. Archives of Microbiology 147:1–7
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Nobre M. F., Dacosta M. S. 1985; The accumulation of polyols by the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii in response to water stress. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31:1061–1064
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Norrish R. S. 1966; An equation for the activity coefficients and equilibrium relative humidities of water in conlectionary syrups. Journal of Food Technology 1:25–39
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Parekh S. R., Pandey N. K. 1985; Production of glycerol by Hansenula anomala. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27:1089–1091
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Prior B. A., Casaleggio C., Van Vuuren H.J.J. 1977; Psychrometric determination of water activity in the high aw range. Journal of Food Protection 40:537–539
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Reed R. H., Chudek J. A., Foster R., Gadd G. M. 1987; Osmotic significance of glycerol accumulation in exponentially growing yeasts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53:2119–2123
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Robinson R. A., Stokes R. H. 1965 Electrolyte Solutions p. 461 London: Butterworth Scientific Publications;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Rose D. 1975; Physical responses of yeast cells to osmotic shock. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 38:169–175
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Spencer J.F.T., Spencer D. M. 1978; Production of polyhydroxy alcohols by osmotolerant yeasts. In Economic Microbiology, 2 pp 393–425 Rose A. H. Edited by London: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Stock J. B., Rauch B., Roseman S. 1977; Periplasmic space in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry 252:7850–7861
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Tilbury R. H. 1976; The microbial stability of intermediate moisture foods with respect to yeasts. In Intermediate Moisture Foods, pp 138–165 Davies R., Birch G. G., Parker K. J. Edited by London: Applied Science Publishers;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Tunblad-Johansson I., Adler L. 1987; Effect of sodium chloride concentration on phospholipid fatty acid composition of yeasts differing in osmotolerance. FEMS Microbiology Letters 43:275–278
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Van Eck J. H. 1988 Water relations of polyhydroxy alcohol accumulation by yeasts. MSc thesis, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Watanabe Y., Takakuwa M. 1987; Change of lipid composition of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii after transfer to high sodium chloride culture medium. Journal of Fermentation Technology 65:365–369
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Wolf A. V., Brown M. G., Prentiss P. G. 1984; Concentrative properties of aqueous solutions: conversion tables. In CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th edition. pp D222–D272 Weast R. C. Edited by Boca Raton: CRC Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Yancey P. H., Clark M. E., Hand S. C., Bowlus R. D., Somero G. N. 1982; Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems. Science 217:1214–1222
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3505
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-135-12-3505
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error