1887

Abstract

Bacteroids isolated from alfalfa nodules induced by 102F34 transported glycine betaine at a constant rate for up to 30 min. Addition of sodium salts greatly increased the uptake activity, whereas other salts or non-electrolytes had less effect. The apparent for glycine betaine uptake was 8·3 μ and was about 0·84 nmol min (mg protein) in the presence of 200 m-NaCl which gave maximum stimulation of the transport. Supplementing bacteroid suspensions with various energy-yielding substrates, or ATP, did not increase glycine betaine uptake rates. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide -chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and the respiratory inhibitor potassium cyanide strongly inhibited glycine betaine uptake, but arsenate was totally inactive. Glycine betaine transport showed considerable structural specificity: choline, proline betaine, -butyrobetaine and trigonelline did not competitively inhibit the system, although choline and proline betaine were transported by bacteroids. Both a high-affinity activity and a low-affinity activity were found for choline uptake. These osmoprotective compounds might have a significant role in the maintenance of nitrogenase activity in bacteroids subjected to salt stress.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-136-1-157
1990-01-01
2024-05-02
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/136/1/mic-136-1-157.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-136-1-157&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Barron A., Jun J. U., Villarejo M. 1987; Purification and characterization of a glycine betaine binding protein from Escherichia coli. . Journal of Biological Chemistry 262:11841–11846
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bhandari B., Nicholas D.J.D. 1985; Proton motive force in washed cells of Rhizobium japonicum and bacteroids from Glycine max. . Journal of Bacteriology 164:1383–1385
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bekki A., Trinchant J. C., Rigaud J. 1987; Nitrogen fixation (CTH2 reduction) by Medicago nodules and bacteroids under sodium chloride stress. Physiologia Plantarum 71:61–67
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bergersen F. J., Turner G. L. 1970; Gel filtration of nitrogenase from soybean root nodule bacteroids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 214:28–36
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bernard T., Pocard J. A., Perroud B., Lerudulier D. 1986; Variations in the response of salt-stressed Rhizobium strains to betaines. Archives of Microbiology 143:359–364
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Corti U. A. 1949; Über Ergebnisse der Methylierung von Tyrosine mit Dimethylsulfate and einige Derivate des N-Methyltyramin. Helvetica Chimica Acta 32:681–686
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Giddings T. H., Hanson A. D. 1982; Water stress provokes a generalized increase in phosphatidylcholine turnover in barley leaves. Planta 155:493–501
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gloux K., Le Rudulier D. 1989; Transport and catabolism of proline betaine in salt-stressed Rhizobium meliloti. . Archives of Microbiology 151:143–148
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hitz W. D., Rhodes D., Hanson A. D. 1981; Radiotracer evidence implicating phosphoryl and phosphatidyl bases as intermediates in betaine synthesis by water-stressed barley leaves. Plant Physiology 68:814–822
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Ikutani Y. 1968; Studies of the N-oxides of A,A-dialkylamino acids. I. The synthesis of N,N-dimethyl neutral amino acids and corresponding A-oxides. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 41:1679–1691
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Le Rudulier D., Bouillard L. 1983; Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae. . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46:152–159
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Le Rudulier D., Strøm A. R., Dandekar A. M., Smith L. T., Valentine R. C. 1984a; Molecular biology of osmoregulation. Science 224:1064–1068
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Le Rudulier D., Bernard T., Goas G., Hamelin J. 1984b; Osmoregulation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: enhancement of anaerobic growth and nitrogen fixation under stress by proline betaine, y- butyrobetaine, and other related compounds. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 30:299–305
    [Google Scholar]
  14. O’Gara F., Shanmugan K. T. 1976; Regulation of nitrogen fixation by Rhizobia: export of fixed N2 as NH+ 4. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 437:313–321
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Perroud B., Le Rudulier D. 1985; Glycine betaine transport in Eschericia coli: osmotic modulation. Journal of Bacteriology 161:393–401
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Pocard J. A. 1987 La glycine betaine: effect osmoprotecteur, transport et metabolisme chez Rhizobium meliloti en culture in vitro et en symbiose avec Medicago sativa L Doctoral thesis University of Rennes I, France;
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Pocard J. A., Bernard T., Goas G., Le Rudulier D. 1984; Restauration partielle, par la glycine betaine et la proline bétaïne, de l’activité fixatrice d’azote de jeunes plantes de Medicago sativa L. soumises à un stress hydrique. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences 298:477–480
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Pocard J. A., Bernard T., Smith L. T., Le Rudulier D. 1989; Characterization of three choline transport activities in Rhizobium meliloti: modulation by choline and osmotic stress. Journal of Bacteriology 171:531–537
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Reibach P. H., Streeter J. G. 1984; Evaluation of active versus passive uptake of metabolites by Rhizobium japonicum bacteroids. Journal of Bacteriology 159:47–52
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Rigaud J., Bergersen F. J., Turner G. L., Daniel R. M. 1973; Nitrate-dependent anaerobic acetylene-reduction and nitrogen- fixation by soybean bacteroids. Journal of General Microbiology 77:137–144
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Salminen S. O., Streeter J. G. 1987; Uptake and metabolism of carbohydrates by Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids. Plant Physiology 83:535–540
    [Google Scholar]
  22. San Francisco M.J.D., Jacobson G. R. 1985; Uptake of succinate and malate in cultured cells and bacteroids of two slow- growing species of Rhizobium. . Journal of General Microbiology 131:765–773
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Sethi J. K., Carew D. P. 1974; Growth and betaine formation in Medicago sativa tissue culture. Phytochemistry 13:321–324
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Sirois J. C., Peterson E. A. 1982; A rapid screening method for Rhizobium meliloti symbiotic nitrogenase activity. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 28:265–268
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Smith L. T., Pocard J. A., Bernard T., Le Rudulier D. 1988; Osmotic control of glycine betaine biosynthesis and degradation in Rhizobium meliloti. . Journal of Bacteriology 170:3142–3149
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Stock J. B., Rauch B., Roseman S. 1977; Periplasmic space in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. . Journal of Biological Chemistry 252:7850–7861
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Waters J. K., Karr D. B., Emerich D. W. 1985; Malate dehydrogenase from Rhizobium japonicum 3 I lb-143 bacteroids and Glycine max root-nodule mitochondria. Biochemistry 24:6479–6486
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-136-1-157
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-136-1-157
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error