1887

Abstract

Summary: A number of obligately anaerobic rumen streptococci have been found capable of hydrolysing a mannan, galactomannan, contained in the endosperm of . Some of their morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics have been determined. The enzyme(s) associated with the breakdown of galactomannan is termed ‘galactomannanase’. It is possessed by some authentic rumen bacteria, and it is also found in significant amounts in raw rumen liquor. Galactomannanase in bacteria-free rumen fluid is postulated to be released into it by the prior growth of micro-organisms attacking the -1:4 linkage such as cellulose, cellulose derivatives and galactomannan. A survey of a number of non-rumen bacteria revealed that they do not elaborate galactomannanase. Ability to hydrolyse galactomannan seems confined to a specialized group of anaerobic cocci of the rumen. Procedures for the purification of galactomannan and galactomannanase are described.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-22-3-635
1960-06-01
2024-04-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/22/3/mic-22-3-635.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-22-3-635&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology 1957, 7th ed.. Breed R.S., Murray E.G.D., Smith N.R. Ed. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Co.;
  2. Bikrry H., Giaja J. 1912; Enzymes which attack mannans, galactans, and celluloses. Biochem. J 40:370
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Boda J.M., Silver B.S., Colvin W.H. Jun. Cole H.H. 1957; Studies on the experimental production and prevention of bloat in cattle. I. Influence of intrarumen administration of fresh eggwhite on the production of bloat. J. Dairy Sci 40:759
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryant M.P., Burkey L.A. 1953; Numbers of some predominant groups of bacteria in the rumen of cows fed different rations. J. Dairy Sci 36:218
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bryant M.P., Small N., Bouma C., Robinson I.M. 1958; Characteristics of ruminal anaerobic cellulolytic cocci and Cillobacterium cellulosolvens n.sp. J. Bact 76:529
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Chung C.W., Nickerson W.J. 1954; Polysaccharide synthesis in growing yeasts. J. biol. Chem 208:395
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Doetsch R.N., Robinson R.Q., Shaw J.C. 1952; Techniques employed in cultural investigations of the bacteriology of bovine rumen contents. J. Anim. Sci 11:536
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Folin O., Malmros H. 1929; An improved form of Folin’s micro method for blood sugar determination. J. biol. Chem 83:115
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Gibbons R.J., Doetsch R.N., Shaw J.C. 1955; Further studies on polysaccharide production by bovine rumen bacteria. J. Dairy Sci 38:1147
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Gill J.W., King K.W. 1957; Characteristics of free rumen cellulases. Agric. & Food Chem 5:363
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Gilroy J.J. 1957 Nitrogen requirements for growth of bovine rumen bacteria Ph.D.thesis University of Maryland:
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Halliwell G. 1957; Cellulolysis by rumen microorganisms. J. gen. Microbiol 17:153
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Hirst E.L., Jones J.K.N., Walden W.O. 1947; The galactomannan of the lucerne seed. J. chem. Soc p. 1443
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Howard B.H. 1957; Hydrolysis of the soluble pentosans of wheat flour and Rhodymenia palmata by ruminal microorganisms. Biochem. J 67:643
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hungate R.E. 1950; The anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bacteria. Bact. Rev 14:1
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Ishimatsu K., Kibesaki Y. 1952; Mannanase of the agar-agar splitting bacteria. Chem. Abstr 46:2124d Original in Symposia on Enzyme Chemistry (Japan) 4: 75, 1950
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Levinson H.S., Reese E.T. 1950; Enzymatic hydrolysis of soluble cellulase derivative as measured by changes in viscosity. J. gen. Physiol 33:601
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Manners D.J. 1955; Enzyme degradation of polysaccharides. Quart. Revs. Chem. Soc. Lond 9:73
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Morris D.L. 1948; Quantitative determination of carbohydrate with Dreywood’s anthrone reagent. Science 107:254
    [Google Scholar]
  20. O’brien R.T., Campbell L.L. Jr. 1957; Purification and properties of a proteolytic enzyme from Bacillus stearothermophilus . Arch. Biochem. Biophys 70:432
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Partridge S.M. 1948; Filter-paper partition chromatography of sugars. Biochem. J 42:238
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Pigman W. 1957 New York: Academic Press;
  23. Pringsheim H., Genin A. 1924; Über die fermentative Spaltung des Salep-mannans. Hoppe-Seyl. Z 140:299
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Whistler R.L., Smart C.L. 1953 Polysaccharide Chemistry New York: Academic Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Whistler R.L., Smith C.G. 1952; A crystalline mannotriose from the enzymatic hydrolysis of guaran. J. Amer. chem. Soc 74:3795
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Whistler R.L., Stein J. 1951; A crystalline mannobiose from the enzymatic hydrolysis of guaran. J. Amer. chem. Soc 73:4187
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Wiseman H.G., Irvin H.M. 1957; Determination of organic acids in silage. Agric. & Food Chem 5:213
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-22-3-635
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-22-3-635
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error