1887

Abstract

SUMMARY: Initiation of growth of nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter species was prevented by efficient aeration but proceeded normally with gentle aeration; addition of CO to the air did not relieve inhibition. The ratio of oxygen solution rate to concentration of organisms determined whether growth would be inhibited or not. Populations growing in media containing fixed nitrogen (NH ) showed no unusual sensitivity to oxygen though inhibition could be induced at a value of 0.6 atm. Nitrogen-limited continuous cultures fixed about twice as much N/g. carbon source utilized at 0·03 atm. O than at the atmospheric value (0·2 atm.); even at relatively high cell concentrations growth was inhibited at 0·6 atm. O. Carbon- and phosphate-limited continuous cultures showed even more sensitivity to oxygen when fixing nitrogen but none when growing with NH ; excessive oxygen was lethal to phosphate-limited populations. These observations suggest that two mechanisms exist in the cell to protect the oxygen-sensitive components of nitrogenase from oxygen: augmented respiration to scavenge excess oxygen and a conformational state of nitrogenase that prevents damage by O.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-54-3-463
1968-12-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/54/3/mic-54-3-463.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-54-3-463&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. BAKER K. 1968; Low cost continuous culture apparatus.. Lab. Practice 17:817
    [Google Scholar]
  2. BARRON E. S. G. 1955; Oxidation of some oxidation-reduction systems by oxygen at high pressures.. Archs. Biochem. Biophys. 59:502
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bulen W. A., LeComte J. R. 1966; The nitrogenase system from Azotobacter: two-enzyme requirement for N2 reduction, ATP-dependent H2 evolution, and ATP hydrolysis.. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.: 56:979
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bulen W. A., Burns R. C., LeComte J. R. 1965; Nitrogen fixation: hydrosulfite as electron donor with cell-free preparations of Azotobacter vinelandii and Rhodospirillum rubrum.. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.: 53:532
    [Google Scholar]
  5. BURK D. 1930; The influence of oxygen gas upon the organic catalysis of nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter.. J.phys. Chem. 34:1195
    [Google Scholar]
  6. CARNAHAN J. E> , MORTENSON L. E., MOWER H. F., CASTLE J. E. 1960; Nitrogen fixation in cell- free extracts of Clostridium pasteurianum.. Biochim. biophys. Acta 44:520
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Chance B, Jamieson D, Coles H. 1965; Energy-linked pyridine nucleotide reduction: inhibitory effects of hyperbaric oxygen in vitro and in vivo. . Nature, Lond. 206:257
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Cooper C. M> , Fernstrom G. A., Miller S. A. 1944; Performance of agitated gas-liquid contactors.. Ind. Engng Chem. 36:504
    [Google Scholar]
  9. DALTON H, POSTGATE J. R. 1967; Inhibition of growth of Azotobacter by oxygen.. J. gen. Microbiol. 48: v.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dilworih M. J. 1962; Oxygen inhibition in Azotobacter vinelandii pyruvate oxidation.. Biochim. biophys. Acta. 56:127
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Dilworth M. J., Parker C. A. 1961; Oxygen inhibition of respiration in Azotobacter. . Nature, Lond. 191:520
    [Google Scholar]
  12. FAY P., Cox R. M. 1967; Oxygen inhibition of nitrogen fixation in cell-free preparations of blue- green algae.. Biochim. biophys. Acta 143:562
    [Google Scholar]
  13. FIFE J. M. 1943; The effect of different oxygen concentrations on the rate of respiration of Azotobacter in relation to the energy involved in nitrogen fixation and assimilation.. J. agric. Res. 66:421
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Giovanelu R. G. 1957; The application of diffuse reflection spectrophotometry to chemical analysis.. Aust. J. exp. Biol. Med. 35:143
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gladstone G. P., Fildes P., Richardson G. M. 1935; Carbon dioxide as an essential factor in the growth of bacteria. . Br. J. exp. Path. 16:335
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gottlieb S. F. 1966; Bacterial nutritional approach to mechanisms of oxygen toxicity. . J. Bact. 92:1021
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ishikawa S., Lehninger A. L. 1962; Reconstitution of oxidative phosphorylation in preparations from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. . J. biol. Chem. 237:2401
    [Google Scholar]
  18. KELLY M. 1966; Studies on nitrogen fixation by cell-free extracts of Azotobacter chroococcum. . Abs. IX int. Congr. Microbiol., Moscow, p. 277 C2/20.:
    [Google Scholar]
  19. KELLY M, KLUCAS R. V., BURRIS R. H. 1967; Fractionation and storage of nitrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. . Biochem. J.105 3 c:
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Khmel I. A, Gabinskaya K. N., Ierusaumsky N. D. 1965; Growth and nitrogen fixation of Azotobacter vinelandii under different aeration conditions.. Mikrobiologiya 34:689
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Klingenberg M., Schollmeyer P. 1960; Zur Reversibilitt der oxydativen Phosphorylierung.. Biochem. Z. 333:335
    [Google Scholar]
  22. LENHOFF H. M., NICHOLAS D. J. D., KAPLAN N. O. 1956; Effects of oxygen, iron and molybdenum on routes of electron transfer in Pseudomonas fluorescens.. J. biol. Chem. 220:983
    [Google Scholar]
  23. MALEK I. 1966 In Theoretical and Methodological Basis of Continuous Culture of Microorganisms. Ed. by Malek I., Fencl Z. p. 11: London:: Academic Press;
  24. Meyerhof O., Burk D. 1928; Ober die Fixation des Luftstickstoffs durch Azotobakter. . Z. phys. Chem. A 139:117
    [Google Scholar]
  25. MEYNELL G. G., MEYNELL E. 1965 Theory and Practice in Experimental Bacteriology. Cambridge University Press;
  26. Moore B., Williams R. S. 1911; The growth of various species of bacteria and other microorganisms in atmospheres enriched with oxygen.. Biochem. J. 5:181
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Moss F. J., Tchan Y. T. 1958; Studies of N-fixing bacteria. VII. Cytochromes of Azotobac- teriaceae.. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 83:161
    [Google Scholar]
  28. NEISH A. C. 1950 Analytical Methods for Bacterial Fermentations. Nat. Res. Council, Canada Rep. 46-8-3, Saskatoon.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. NEWTON J. W., WILSON P. W., BURRIS R. H. 1953; Direct demonstration of ammonia as an intermediate in nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter.. J. biol. Chem. 204:445
    [Google Scholar]
  30. PARKER C. A. 1954; Effect of oxygen on the fixation of nitrogen by Azotobacter. . Nature, Lond. 173:780
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Parker C. A., Scutt P. B. 1960; The effect of oxygen on nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter. . Biochim. biophys. Acta. 38:230
    [Google Scholar]
  32. PHILLIPS D. H., JOHNSON M. J. 1961; Measurement of dissolved oxygen in fermentations.. J. biochem. microbiol. Technol. Engng. 3:277
    [Google Scholar]
  33. POSTGATE J. R., HUNTER J. R. 1963; The survival of starved bacteria. . J. appl. Bact. 26:295
    [Google Scholar]
  34. POSTGATE J. R., CRUMPTON J. E., HUNTER J. R. 1961; The measurement of bacterial viabilities by slide culture. . J. gen. Microbiol. 24:15
    [Google Scholar]
  35. REVSIN B., BRODIE A. F. 1967; An effect of inorganic phosphate and AMP at the third phos- phorylative site of the respiratory chain of Mycobacterium phlei.. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 28:635
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Rosenberger R. F., Kogut M. 1958; The influence of growth rate and aeration on the respiratory and cytochrome system of a fluorescent pseudomonad grown in continuous culture. . J. gen. Microbiol. 19:228
    [Google Scholar]
  37. SCHMIDT-LORENZ W., RIPPEL-BALDES A. 1957; Wirkung des Sauerstoff-Partialdrucks auf Wachs- tum und Stickstoffbindung von Azotobacter chroococcum Beij.. Arch. Mikrobiol. 28:45
    [Google Scholar]
  38. TSCHAPEK M., GIAMBIAGI N. 1955; Nitrogen fixation of Azotobacter in soil—its inhibition by oxygen. . Arch. Mikrobiol. 21:376
    [Google Scholar]
  39. WALKER H. H. 1932; Carbon dioxide as a factor affecting lag in bacterial growth. . Science, N. Y. 76:602
    [Google Scholar]
  40. WILLIAMS A. M., WILSON P. W. 1954; Adaptation of Azotobacter cells to tricarboxylic add substrates.. J. Bact. 67:353
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-54-3-463
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-54-3-463
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error