1887

Abstract

Summary: A pressure transducer was used to determine the accumulation of fermentation gases during growth of and on soluble (glucose) and particulate (cellulose and wheat straw) carbon sources. The anaerobic fungi were grown in submerged batch culture in gas-tight bottles using conventional anaerobic techniques. As the fermentation progressed, fermentation gases accumulated in the head-space of culture bottles causing an increase in the head-space gas pressure. Gas was measured and released using a pressure transducer connected to a digital readout voltmeter and gas-tight syringe assembly. By repeating this gas measurement-release procedure at regular intervals during the fermentation, and summation of the calculated (regression corresprected) gas volumes, gas accumulation profiles were constructed. For cultures grown on glucose, this technique enabled the growth of anaerobic fungi to be evaluated without destructive sampling of the fungal culture. The resultant gas accumulation profiles were related to glucose loss and biomass accumulation and could be used to determine specific growth rates, doubling times and fermentation gas yields. For cultures grown on cellulose and wheat straw, measurement of gas accumulation enabled growth phases and the course of the fermentation to be easily monitored. The results obtained establish the pressure transducer as an instrument for rapid, precise and reproducible determination of the growth of anaerobic fungi on soluble and particulate substrates.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-3-671
1995-03-01
2024-04-27
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/micro/141/3/mic-141-3-671.html?itemId=/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-3-671&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Akin D. E., Gordon G. L. R., Hogan J. P. 1983; Rumen bacterial and fungal degradation of Digitaria pentzii grown with or without sulfur. Appl Environ Microbiol 46:738–748
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bauchop T., Mountfort D. O. 1981; Cellulose fermentation by a rumen anaerobic fungus in both the absence and presence of rumen methanogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 42:1103–1110
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Beaubien A., Jolicoeur C., Alary J. F. 1988; Automated high sensitivity gas metering system for biological processes. Biotechnol Bioeng 32:105–109
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bernalier A., Fonty G., Gouet Ph. 1990; Fermentation properties of four strictly anaerobic rumen fungal species; H2-producing microorganisms. In Microbiology and Biochemistry of Strict Anaerobes Involved in Interspecies Hydrogen Transfer pp 361–364 Edited by Belaich J. P. New York: Plenum;
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bernalier A., Fonty G., Gouet Ph. 1991; Cellulose degradation by two rumen anaerobic fungi in monoculture or in coculture with rumen bacteria. Anim Feed Sci Technol 32:131–136
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Beuvink J. M. W., Spoelstra S. F. 1992; Interactions between substrate, fermentation end-products, buffering systems and gas production upon fermentation of different carbohydrates by mixed rumen microorganisms in vitro . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 37:505–509
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Davies D. R., Theodorou M. K., Lawrence M. I. G., Trinci A. P. J. 1993; Distribution of anaerobic fungi in the digestive tract of cattle and their survival in faeces. J Gen Microbiol 139:1395–1400
    [Google Scholar]
  8. El-Shazly K., Hungate R. E. 1965; Fermentation capacity as a measure of net growth of rumen microorganisms. Appl Microbiol 13:62–69
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Genstat 5 Committee 1987 Genstat Reference Manual Oxford: Clarendon Press;
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Lowe S. E., Theodorou M. K., Trinci A. P. J., Hespell R. B. 1985; Growth of anaerobic rumen fungi on defined and semi-defined media lacking rumen fluid. J Gen Microbiol 131:2225–2229
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Lowe S. E., Theodorou M. K., Trinci A. P. J. 1987a; Growth and fermentation of an anaerobic rumen fungus on various carbon sources and effect of temperature on development. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:1210–1215
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lowe S. E., Theodorou M. K., Trinci A. P. J. 1987b; Cellulases and xylanase of an anaerobic rumen fungus grown on wheat straw, wheat straw holocellulose, cellulose and xylan. Appl Environ Microbiol 53:1216–1223
    [Google Scholar]
  13. McBee R. H. 1953; Manometric method for the evaluation of microbial activity in the rumen with application to utilization of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Appl Microbiol 1:106–110
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Marvin-Sikkema F. D., Richardson A. J., Stewart C. S., Gottschalk J. C., Prins R. A. 1990; Influence of hydrogen consuming bacteria on cellulose degradation by anaerobic fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:3793–3797
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Menke K. H., Steingass H. 1988; Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Rer Dev 28:7–55
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Menke K. H., Raab L., Salewski A., Steingass H., Fritz D., Schneider W. 1979; The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feeding stuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. J Agric Sci 93:217–222
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Mountfort D. O., Asher R. A. 1983; Role of catabolite regulatory mechanisms in control of carbohydrate utilization by the rumen anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis . Appl Environ Microbiol 46:1331–1338
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Mountfort D. O., Asher R. A., Bauchop T. 1982; Fermentation of cellulose to methane and carbon dioxide by a rumen anaerobic fungus in a triculture with Methanobrevibacter sp.strain RA1 and Methanosarcina barkeri . Appl Environ Microbiol 44:128–134
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Pell A. N., Schofield P. 1993; Computerized monitoring of gas production to measure forage digestion in vitro . J Dairy Sci 76:1063–1073
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ross G. J. S. 1987; MLP: Maximum Likelihood Program (a Manual) . Harpenden; Rothamsted Experimental Station;
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Taya M. K., Ohmiya T., Kobayashi T., Shimizu S. 1980; Monitoring and control of a cellulolytic anaerobe culture by using gas evolved as an indicator. J Ferment Technol 5:463–469
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Theodorou M. K., Williams B. A., Dhanoa M. S., McAllan A. B., France J. 1994; A new gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Anim Feed Sci Fechnol 48:185–197
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Webb J., Theodorou M. K. 1991; Neocallimastix hurleyensis sp. nov.A new species of the genus Neocallimastix . Can J Bot 69:1220–1224
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Wolin M. J. 1975; Interactions between the bacterial species of the Rumen. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Lumen pp 135–148 Edited by McDonald I. W., Warner A. C. I. Armidale, NSW: University of New England Publishing Unit;
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-3-671
Loading
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/13500872-141-3-671
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error