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Volume 154, Issue 3

Herpes simplex virus co-infection-induced persistence is not mediated by any known persistence inducer or anti-chlamydial pathway Free

Abstract

Several inducers of chlamydial persistence have been described, including interferon- (IFN-), IFN-, IFN-, and tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) exposure, and iron, amino acid or glucose deprivation. A tissue-culture model of /herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) co-infection indicates that viral co-infection stimulates the formation of persistent chlamydiae. This study was designed to ascertain whether co-infection-induced persistence is mediated by a previously characterized mechanism. Luminex assays indicate that IFN-, IFN-, and TNF- are not released from co-infected cells. Semiquantitative RT-PCR studies demonstrate that IFN-, IFN-, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, lymphotoxin- and inducible nitric oxide synthase are not expressed during co-infection. These data indicate that viral-induced persistence is not stimulated by any persistence-associated cytokine. Supplementation of co-infected cells with excess amino acids, iron-saturated holotransferrin, glucose or a combination of amino acids and iron does not restore chlamydial infectivity, demonstrating that HSV-2-induced persistence is not mediated by depletion of these nutrients. Finally, inclusions within co-infected cells continue to enlarge and incorporate C-NBD-ceramide, indicating that HSV-2 co-infection does not inhibit vesicular transport to the developing inclusion. Collectively these data demonstrate that co-infection-induced persistence is not mediated by any currently characterized persistence inducer or anti-chlamydial pathway. Previous studies indicate that HSV-2 attachment and/or entry into the host cell is sufficient for stimulating chlamydial persistence, suggesting that viral attachment and/or entry may trigger a novel host pathway which restricts chlamydial development.

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Keyword(s): EB, elementary body , GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor , HSV-1, 2, herpes simplex virus type 1, 2 , hTF, holotransferrin (iron-saturated) , HVEM, herpes viral entry mediator , IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase , IFN, interferon , IL, interleukin , iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase , LT-α, lymphotoxin-α , MOMP, major outer-membrane protein , NO, nitric oxide , RB, reticulate body and TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α
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2008-03-01
2024-05-10
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Herpes simplex virus co-infection-induced Chlamydia trachomatis persistence is not mediated by any known persistence inducer or anti-chlamydial pathway
Microbiology 154, 971 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2007/012161-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2007/012161-0
/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.2007/012161-0
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