- Volume 8, Issue 1, 1953
Volume 8, Issue 1, 1953
- Article
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Penicillinase Adaptation and Fixation of Penicillin Sulphur by Bacillus cereus Spores
More LessSUMMARY: In contrast to vegetative cells, Bacillus cereus spores do not react to treatment with penicillin by increased production of penicillinase when subsequently grown in a penicillin-free medium. Neither do spores show specific fixation of penicillin sulphur, with maximum absorption at 1.0 unit/ml., which is characteristic of vegetative cells. However, treatment of vegetative cells with penicillin shortly before or during sporulation leads to the formation of ‘adapted’ spores able to form penicillinase up to 10 times more rapidly than untreated spores when subsequently germinated and grown in a penicillin-free medium; and specific uptake of penicillin S on spore material occurs after mechanical disruption of the spore-wall. It is concluded that the fully mature and undamaged spore-casing is impermeable to penicillin.
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NOTE ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND ISOLATION OF 35S-LABELLED BENZYLPENICILLIN
More LessSUMMARY: This appendix describes in the form of laboratory notes a simple and rapid method for producing and isolating 35S-labelled benzyl-penicillin. The process yields 5–15 mg. of the compound virtually free from radioactive contaminants and with a specific activity up to c. 0·2 μ c./unit. Approximately 20% of the ‘carrier-free’ 35S added to the medium is converted into penicillin. This process was evolved as the result of work ancillary to other researches and is not claimed to be original. But as there appears to be no published account which describes in detail the preparation of 35S-penicillin, the information given here may be useful to other workers in the field.
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Genetic Recombination without Sexual Reproduction in Aspergillus niger
More LessSUMMARY: Roper’s technique for the production in filamentous fungi of strains with heterozygous diploid nuclei in their hyphae (Roper, 1952) has been applied successfully to Aspergillus niger, in which a sexual cycle does not occur. The diploids, heterozygous for known markers, give origin to new strains, most still diploid, homozygous for some or all of the markers and therefore associating or recombining in all possible ways the properties of the two strains from which the diploid was formed. Genetic recombination has thus been achieved in a filamentous fungus without a normal sexual cycle. Imperfect fungi are now open to genetic investigation. Deliberate ‘breeding’ of strains has become a practical proposition in industrial fermentations based on these fungi.
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