- Volume 76, Issue 1, 1973
Volume 76, Issue 1, 1973
- Short Communications
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- Taxonomy
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Numerical Taxonomy and Laboratory Identification of Bacterionema matruchotii, Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, and Some Related Bacteria
More LessSummary: A collection of Gram-positive filamentous and/or diphtheroidal organisms was classified by means of numerical phenetic methods. The collection comprised 76 new isolates from dental plaques, upper respiratory tracts and urinary tracts, and 47 reference strains. The organisms were characterized according to 77 different features. The data were subjected to computer analysis in which the similarity coefficient (SJ) and the simple matching coefficient (Ss) were calculated and the results of a single-linkage cluster-analysis technique and a minimum spanning tree technique were compared. The two cluster-analysis techniques gave almost identical results, but with the simple matching coefficient a few strains were grouped together on the basis of negative correlations.
Fixed levels of agreement were chosen to define genera and species. With the matching coefficient five major clusters were recognized at a similarity level of 87.5%. These clusters correspond to the genera Corynebacterium, Bacterionema (Lepto-trichid), Rothia, Actinomyces and Nocardia. The genera Corynebacterium, Actinomyces and Nocardia each contained a number of species. At an agreement level of 90% the clusters of Bacterionema and Rothia were identical to those at 87.5% which means that these genera each contain one species. The reference strains labelled Actinomyces naeslundii and A. viscosus agreed on the 92.5% level which means that they form a single species. A ‘calculated median organism’ for each of these taxo-species is described. A serological grouping by immunofluorescence of all the organisms studied, by means of type-specific antisera to Bacterionema matruchotii, Rothia dentocariosa, A. naeslundii and A. viscosus, corresponded to the numerical grouping.
Characters, both constant and discriminative, were selected to form a set of tests useful for clinical laboratory identification of this group of bacteria.
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Asparaginase and Glutaminase Activities of Micro-organisms
More LessSummary: l-Asparaginase and l-glutaminase activities were detected in many microorganisms and the distribution of these activities was found to be related to the classification of micro-organisms.
Among 464 bacteria, the activities occurred in many Gram-negative bacteria and in a few Gram-positive bacteria. Most members of the family Enterobacteri-aceae possessed l-asparaginase. l-Asparaginase and l-glutaminase occurred together in a large proportion of pseudomonads. Among Gram-positive bacteria many strains of Bacillus pumilus showed strong l-asparaginase activity. Amidase activities were also observed in several strains in other families.
l-Asparaginase activity was not detected in culture filtrates of 261 strains of species of the genera Streptomyces and Nocardia, but l-asparaginase and l-glutaminase were detected when these organisms were sonicated.
The amidase activities in culture filtrates of 4158 fungal strains were tested. All the strains of Fusarium species formed l-asparaginase. Organisms of the genera Hypomyces and Nectria, which are regarded as the perfect stage of the genus Fusarium, also formed l-asparaginase. Several Penicillium species formed l-asparaginase. Two organisms of the family Moniliaceae formed l-glutaminase together with l-asparaginase, and a fewascomycetous fungi formed l-asparaginase or l-glutaminase.
Among 1326 yeasts, l-asparaginase or l-glutaminase occurred frequently in certain serological groups of yeasts: VI (Hansenula) group, Cryptococcus group and Rhodotorula group. Many strains of Sporobolomyces species also showed l-asparaginase activity. Several strains of Cryptococcus and Rhodotorula group possessed l-glutaminase and l-asparaginase. l-Glutaminase alone was formed in many strains of Candida scottii and Cryptococcus albidus, both of which are related to Basidiomycetes.
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The Use of Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis in Taxonomy of Brucella
More LessSummary: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to compare bacterial proteins of Brucella abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis and of the relatively new members of the genus, B. neotomae, B. canis and B. ovis. With the exception of the two representatives of a new fifth biotype of B. suis, all the protein patterns were identical. Yersinia enterocolitica IX and Y. enterocolitica NCTC10461 gave indistinguishable protein patterns which were distinct from those of Brucella. The results suggest that B. neotomae, B. canis and B. ovis are assigned to the correct genus but indicate that the taxonomic status of the B. suis biotype 5 representatives should be re-examined.
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